Economy and society 1558-1563

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Were these years still could be considered a apart of the mid-Tudor crisis?
Yes, rising prices, population growth, epidemics - leading to worsening stain and some discontent
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However, why might it not be seen as a Mid-tudor crisis?
social and political hierarchy remained intact - with the church, gentry and nobility mostly maintaining social order
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population change
....
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What was the population from 1470 to 1601?
1.5 million in 1460 to around 4 million in 1601
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How much had the population risen from 1520 to 1550?
2.5 mil to 3 mil
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What percentage did the population rise between 1550 and 1600?
43%
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Why was there a slight fall in the population in the 1550's?
epidemics like the sweating sickness and poor harvests
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Provide a stat to show that population growth seemed to be higher in the south-east and London
the population tripled from 1550-1560
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Provide a state to show less population change in the north
Chester - population was only 4000 in 1560 to only 5000 in 1600
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Suggested causes of why there was population growth
3
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What have some historians suggested in terms of epidemics (YP)
growing immunities in young people to epidemics
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However, what evidence would disprove this theory
epidemics 1551-2, 1555-6, 1558 certainly caused a population fall in the 1550's
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Good harvests may have also have caused population growth, give some years of good harvests
1537-42, 1555-6, 1558
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However, give some evidence to show that this is an unlikely cause
canceled out by poor harvests eg. 1549-1551, 1554- 1556, these also often coincided with epidemic and let to malnutrition that weakened immunity to the disease
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Relative peace may have also caused population growth, giving evidence to show there was relative peace
no major civil wars
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Impact of Epidemics
...
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What did Elizabeths reign begin with that was at the end of Marys's reign (illness)
effects of the influenza epidemic
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When was the Smallpox epidemic that almost took the Queen's life?
1562
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When was there the plague outbreak in London ?
1563
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How much of London's population died?
20 %
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Provide evidence to show the plague created a sense of panic (Queens action)
Elizabeth the court moved to Windsor and told if anyone should follow they would be hanged
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Inflation
...
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What percentage was inflation across the whole Tudor period (percentage )
400%
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What happened between 1520-1550 showed particularly high inflation
prices doubled
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possible causes for inflation (got, dogs, so, bad, right)
Government policies, debasement, Spanish bullion, bad harvests, the rising price of land
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Gov policies
+ How much did HVIII spend on wars that increased money in circulation in the 1540s?
-However, what did this affect in terms of the economy?
+2 mil
-only minor part
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Debasement
+Debasement was repeatedly used in Henry and Edwards's reign, provide some dates for example
-However, why does debasement not explain continued inflation in the 1590's?
+1526-7, 1544-1551
-recoinage 1552 and 1558
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Spanish Bullion
+Why was Spanish Bullion similar to printing money?
-However, why does it not explain 1520's inflation?
+Silver exported by Spain from south America which increase the amount of money circulating across Europe
-large scale importing took place in the 2nd half of 16C
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Bad Harvests
+why do shortages of food lead to higher prices?
- What is the con of this?
+increased demand
-only caused Temporary shortages
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Rising Prices of Land
+post what does land scale increase prices?
+what 2 things increased the value of land and reduces crops growth?
- However, who could only afford this land showing the change from the yeoman class after the black death?
-What has bee
+reformation
+growth in the wool trade and enclosure
- priveragwed
- the impact of enclosure
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Elizabeths policies for inflation
....
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When did the government order all debased money to be returned?
Dec 1560
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What did the new coins contain?
more silver
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What was the value of money resorted to what date?
the value of that of 1542
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When was re-coinage complete ?
OCT 1561 (restoring the confidence in the currency)
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what placed wage limits for skilled workers in hipe of controlling the demand in the economy and prices?
The 1563 Statute of Artifices
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Changes to different social groups
....
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What did the nobility remain?
the most powerful and wealthy social hroups
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How much of farmable land did the nobility own?
10%
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How many new peers did Elizabeth make ?
Only 18
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Who does this show change with?
Henry VIII as she created way fewer
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What did the number of Nobel families feel from to in 1603?
55-51
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What changed regarding the genry?
they grew in size and slight growth in status and wealth
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How much of the population did the Gnery make up?
1%
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What did the Genty families increase from to? give an example of a new gentry
300-600 - Cecil
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Give some reason of why the Gentry may have increased?
Knighhoods given after battles, wealth through gaining court positions, trade or law
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Lower classes
not doing well
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What led to a fall in living standards mostly?
rise in population
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How much of rural and urban poor were living at a subsistence level (just surving)?
50%
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What would wages not keep up with that led to increased vagrancy?
increasing food prices
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However, what did the increase the number of waged laborers?
growth of the industry in towns eg. iron and coal
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Was there much social mobility?
no, it was very limited with a few noticeable exceptions like Cecil, only a small amount of the ex-church land went to new laborers
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Elizabethan government responses to poverty 1558-1563
see also Northumberland poor law
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was social welfare a traditional part of government policy?
no
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What did the poor traditionally rely on for charity where?
church, monasteries and families
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What were each parish meant to do?
help the poor and community
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Name a previous government intervention that had been harsh and ineffective?
Vagrancy Act 1547
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What were the idle or able-bodied poor?
seen as lazy as they were fit work
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What were the impotent poor?
unable to work eg. disabled, too old
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When was the Act for the relief of the poor?
1563
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What was the Act of the relief for the poor?
1563
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What did the Act do to able-bodied vagabonds and anyone who refused to pay relief for the poor?
whipped(vagabonds), imprisinered
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What were the 3 terms in the 1563 Statue of Artificers?
1. Enforcement of 7-year apprenticeship contracts toed to a specific place and enforced by a JP
2. Local community members could also be taken to court if refused to contribute to poor relief
3. imposed fines for begging without a licenses
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What happened to begges in 1555 ?
wear badges as a means of hulimilation
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Card 2

Front

However, why might it not be seen as a Mid-tudor crisis?

Back

social and political hierarchy remained intact - with the church, gentry and nobility mostly maintaining social order

Card 3

Front

population change

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the population from 1470 to 1601?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How much had the population risen from 1520 to 1550?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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