Ecology- introduction to the living environment

Abiotic definition

Physical things in the environment that are not living or never have been

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Biotic defintion

Living, caused by or related to living things or once living

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Abiotic factors

Temperature, water, light (energy), soil, atmosphere

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Spheres of the world

Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere

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What is the lithosphere?

Solid earth, crust, upper mantle

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What is the atmosphere?

Gases (air) surrounding earth

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What is the hydrosphere?

All water in, on and around earth

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What is the biosphere?

Where life exists, humans/plants/animals

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Habitat

Natural environment where organisms live

Species only do well over narrow range where they are able to reproduce

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Niche

role an organism plays in a community and involves physical and environmental conditions, interactions with other species

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Survival of biotic species

Conform: agree to surroundings
Regulate: stabilise homeostasis, sweating, shivering
Migrate: Shift away from stressful habitat to better areas, birds avoid extreme temperatures, lack of resources
Suspend: wait it out for better conditions (hibernation)

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Diapause

Reduction in metabolic activity, dormancy in unfavourable conditions

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Aestivation

Reduced metabolic activity in summer months

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Hibernation

Reduced metabolic activity and lowered body temperature in winter months

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Microhabitats

Specific, small, specialised

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Ecological organisation top to bottom

Biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, individual

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Species

Group of living organisms that share common features and can interbreed with those in the same group

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Individual

Basic unit of study, belongs to a species

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Population

Group of organisms of same species living in a definite area at certain time

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Community

2+ populations of organisms living within a defined habitat, members affect each other positively, negatively or neutrally

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Ecosystem

Community of organisms interacting with each other and environment

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Biomes

Ecosystems over big geographical areas, terrestrial or aquatic

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Biosphere

Thin outer shell of earth inhabited by living organisms

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Ecology- introduction to the living environment

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