Early Modern Britain

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When was the Early Modern Period?
1500-1750
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What was farming and food like in the Early Modern period?
Bad harvests could still lead to starvation but by 1750 improving in farming mathods meant more people could be fed.
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What were towns and trade like in the Early Modern period?
Towns grew in size and becane more overcrowded. Mines opened in North-East London and coal for peoples fires was shipped to London. By 1750 large quantities of sugar and tobacco came to Britain.
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What was religion like in the Early Modern Period?
In 1500, the country was still Catholic with rich monastries. By 1750, it was protestant. All the wealth of the church was taken by the state.
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What was parliment and govrnment like in the Early Modern Period?
By 1750, parliment had become more powerful than the monarch. Parliment began to make new laws that affected different aspects of peoples lives
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What new discoveries and new technology were there in the Early Modern Period?
People began to search for a scientific way of understanding the world. In the 1660's Robert Hooke developed a powerful microscope.
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What was the diet of the rich?
Large quantities and variety of meat and fish. Enjoyed new foods from overseas trade. White bread. Small amount of fruit and vegetables. Wine and ale were drunk more then water.
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What were the effects of rich people's diet?
This diet was about 80% protein which lead to some digestive problems. The rich also suffered from gout (severe joint pain)
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What was the diet of the poor?
Bread, Vegetables, Pottage and occasionally eggs, cheese, fish and meat.
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What were the effects of poor people's diet?
This was healthier then the rich people's diet but lacked vitamin C and iron. Also, there were periods of hunger and starvation for the very poor.
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What were some hiddden health dangers?
Animals roamed the street and left excrement which spread bacteria. Accomodation was crowded and damp leading to lung problems. Met was ofetn sold from market stalls but would rot quickly.
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How did the rich get their water?
In some towns companies piped water to houses but this was expencive. Water could be bought from a water seller.
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How did the poor get their water?
Collected water from free public wter fountains called conduits. Bought wter from a waterseller if they could afford to.
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How did the rich keep clean?
Servants took care of washing clothes. Bathtubs were used using water heated from a fire. Soap was made from olive oil for use on skin.
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How did poor people keep clean?
Bathed in rivers. Used brushed on their skin, called dry washing.
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How was household waste managed and how effective was this?
Scavengers or rakers collected ash, food waste and sweeping from houses one or twice a week. Dunghills outside of towns. Household wastewas effectively dealt with and rakers sold the waste to market gardeners.
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How was urine and excrement dealt with?
The flushing toilet was invented in 1596 but only became popular towards the end of the period. Privies emptied into rivers if built near by but most emptied into a cesspit which could overflow.
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How effectively was urine and excrement dealt with?
The flushing toilet was expencive and only for the very rich who had access to water and drains. Privies and cesspits polluted rivers and wells. Piles of excrement could build up in gardens, yards and alleyways, spreading disease.
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In the Early Modern Period when was the most serious outbreak of the plague?
1665
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How did individuals react to the plague?
They turned to god, Ran away, Avoided the sick, Seeked a cure or Stuck together.
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In response to the plague what did people do when they turned to god?
Payed, fasted, good behaviour, attended church more and ate pages from te bible.
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In response to the plague what did people do when they ran away?
People tried to leave an infected town. The poor had no where else to go but the rich could go to a house they owned in the countryside.
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In response to the plague what did people do when they seeked a cure?
Physicains wore heavy cloaks, hoods and leather beaks stuffed with sweet smelling herbs. People thought smoking tobacco stopped miasma.
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In response to the plague what did people who avoided the sick do?
Bodies began to be buried 6 feet under the ground. People marked plagued houses. People didn't want to go into a dying victims house to write their will or give them food. Maids and aprentices sometimes were kicked out of their masters house.
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In response to the plague what did people do when they stook together?
Some people carried food and ale to their sick friends and family. The elderly took in orphaned children. Many people who died had a dignified funeral attened by their freinds and family. People rarely left their family but instead prayed together.
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What was Henry VIII's response to plague and when was this?
1518, to isolate plague victims in their own houses and identify them. Isolate people in pesthouses outside city walls.
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How effective was Henry VIII's response to plague?
Limited effcet becuase these orders were not enforced.
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When did Elizabeth 1st released a list of orders people had to follow in response to the place and what were they called?
1578, The plague orders
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Name 5 plague orders.
Streets and alleys should be cleaned, Clothes and bedding of victims should be burned, Infected houses should be closed off for 6 weeks which all members of the family inside, Funerals should take place at dusk and barrels of tar should be burned.
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How effective were Elizabeth 1st's plage orders?
Effective in reducing the spread of the disease, although it isolated the healthy with the sick. The connection between dirt and disease was being made.
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What was James 1st's response to the plage called and when was this?
1604, The plague act
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What did the 1604 plague act say?
Execute anyone who breaks the Elizabethan plague orders and makes it treason not to follow them.
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How effective was the 1604 plague act?
The punishments, including deat, for those leaving isolation reduced the spread of the disease because people feared breaking the rules. People still didn't know the plague was spread through fleas and rats.
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When did plague outbreaks stop?
1670
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What did local governments do after 1670 to improve urban enviroment?L
Large houses were built for the wealthy and streest were lit with lamps. Some streets were paved.
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What was gin called in the Early Modern period?
The demon drink
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Why did people become obsessed with gin?
It was very cheap. It allowed the consumer to escape from the dreadful conditions of their life at the time.
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What effects did gin have on crime and health?
There was an increase in crime, an increase in death rate and women started drinking it while pregnant which lead to babies being deformed.
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What did town councils and country justices do to respond to ale houses in 1550?
Tried to control ale houses by making it illegal to sell alcohol without a licence.
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What did Parliment ban the the 1600's to respond to gin drinking?
Gin imports were banned to encourage english distillers
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What did parliment make in 1729 to respond to gin drinking and what did it do?
The 1st gin act, to control gin drinking. Gin distillers had to pay a five shilling tax on each gallon of gin and an anual licence of £20
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What did the government make in 1736 to respond to gin drinking and what did it do?
The 2nd Gin act, Licences went up to £50 and the producers tax to 20 shillings.
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How much gallons of gin were Londoners consuming in 1750
Over 11 million gallons of gin a year
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What did the government make in 1751 to respond to gin drinking and what did it do?
The 3rd Gin act, anyone who got caught selling gin illegally were imprisoned and whipped for a second offence. For a third offence they coul dbe transported to another country.
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How effcetive was the 1729 gin act?
It was impossible to enforce because of the number of small gin shops
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How effective was the 1736 gin act?
There was rioting agaisnt this law and many people began distilling gin in their own homes.
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How effective was the 1751 gin act?
This worked well and the consumtion of gin fell
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was farming and food like in the Early Modern period?

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Bad harvests could still lead to starvation but by 1750 improving in farming mathods meant more people could be fed.

Card 3

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What were towns and trade like in the Early Modern period?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was religion like in the Early Modern Period?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was parliment and govrnment like in the Early Modern Period?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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