Which molecules do not easily diffuse out of and have little osmotic affect in a cell?
Large and insoluble molecules
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How does ethanol interrupt colour intensity?
-disruption of membrane -ethanol is a non polar solvent -lipids dissolve in ethanol -solution becomes less polar -the surrounding solution changes the orientation of the phospholipids
-liver problems -kidney problems -mental health problems
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How do enzymes work?
-enzyme/substrate complex forms -substrate binds to active site -bonds broken/made (example) -iduced fit -lower activation energy -product released and no longer binded to active site
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Why isn't a wind turbine 100% efficient?
because the air is always moving and cannot always be captured
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Friction = W = 6 x pi x r x n x v
Viscous Drag
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Higher Viscosity and speed
slower
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Turbines and work
-work done? -medium exerts a force on the turbine -turbines move through a distance in the direction of the force
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GPE = KE
mgh = 1/2 x m x v^2
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Resolving Vectors
Tsin x 2 = W / 2
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When you can't assume air resistance or friction
-a physical cause (distance or movement) -energy causes (not in the object)
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Why is terminal velocity F = W - U?
-there is no net force on the object -W = F + U
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The straight part of a force/extension graph
shows a material is stiff and elastic
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Tough
deforms plastically before breaking
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How do you display viscosity values on a graph?
log scale or power of 10 scale
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Elastic metals molecules
-bonds stretched -don't break -atoms move apart and then return
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Plastic metals molecules
-bonds stressed -break -atoms don't move apart and don't return when broken
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How would a tough material appear on a graph?
large area under the linear part
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Crumple Zones
increase displacement -decrease acceleration -decrease the impact force
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Why does the acceleration decrease during free fall?
-air resistance increases as it speeds up -net force decreases -acceleration decreases
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Stokes Law Assumption
that there is no viscous drag and laminar flow
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Viscous Drag
force which opposes motion through a fluid which has visosity
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