Input + output of solar radiation in the Earth's atmosphere + on the earth surface
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What does the Energy budget look at?
- Amount of Incoming Solar Radiation (from the sun) coming into the Earth + it's atmosphere
- Amount of this Incoming Solar Radiation which leaves the Earth + it's atmosphere
- The Movements of the Heat Energy
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What happens if MORE ISR GOES INTO Earth + it's atmosphere than LEAVES?
The Earth increases in temperature
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What happens if MORE HEAT ENERGY LEAVES Earth + it's atmosphere than GOES INTO it?
The Earth decreases in temperature
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What is ISR?
Incoming solar radiation
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What is Incoming Solar Radiation?
Heat Energy from Sun + is Shortwave Radiation
Is Sunlight
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What is reflected solar radiation?
How much ISR is " bounced off" the earth's surface i.e. Reflected
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How is reflected solar radiation determined?
Determined by the proportion of sunlight reflected from the earth surface: Albedo
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Does the Albedo vary?
YES
Depends on the type of surface that the sunlight reaches
Light/white surfaces reflect more ISR than Dark surfaces
SO
Snow reflects more than tarmac
e.g. Antarctic ice sheet has a high albedo = 90%
Amazon rainforest has a low albedo = 13.5%
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What are the Factors that Affect Diurnal Energy Budget?
- Incoming (shortwave) Solar Radiation
- Reflected solar radiation
- Energy absorbed into the surface and subsurface
- Albedo
- Sensible heat transfer
- Longwave radiation
- Latent Heat transfer - evaporation, dew & absorbed energy returned to Earth
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What is an energy budget?
Amount of energy entering the sun Earth atmospheric system
Amount of energy leaving the sun Earth atmospheric system
Transfer of energy within the sun Earth atmospheric system
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What does an energy budget have?
Inputs which are balanced by outputs
Inputs: the atmosphere receives energy from the sun (incoming solar radiation) & the Earth
Outputs: the atmosphere loses energy to space (e.g. Reflected & longwave radiation)
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What happens when the atmosphere loses more energy than it gains?
It cools down
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What happens when the atmosphere gains more energy than it loses?
It heats up
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What are the measurements of incoming solar radiation in the Global energy budget?
6% is scattered back to Space by dust and smoke particles
26% is reflected back into space (19% by clouds & 7% by the surface)
21% is absorbed by atmospheric gases (17%) & clouds (4%)
47% is absorbed by the earth's surface
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The measurements of ISR in the global energy budgets depends on the .........?
Location
e.g. Albedo & latitude
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What is latitude?
Is how far north or south of Equator a location is
Equator = 0°
Max latitudes = 90° North & 90° South
London = 51° North
Amount of incoming solar radiation reaching surface varies
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How do measurements of ISR depends on latitude?
There's more ISR reaching surface at the equator/tropics than a location further north or south (e.g. Arctic/Antarctic Circle)
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What is local energy budget?
Is the energy budget on a local scale which varies depending on local conditions
i.e. the amount of input, output, storage transfers varies
e.g. In some areas there's more or less ISR, reflection, absorption into ground
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What is the energy budget of a particular location called?
Local diurnal energy budget
Local means garden, park or similar size areas
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What is Local diurnal energy budget?
The gain or loss of energy from 1 particular Local (small scale) location on Earth's surface over a 24 hour period (diurnal)
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How hot is the Sun?
5700°C
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What is shortwave radiation?
e.g. UV light & visible light (sunlight)
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What is surface & subsurface absorption?
Energy arriving at the surface has the potential to heat that surface
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does the Energy budget look at?
Back
- Amount of Incoming Solar Radiation (from the sun) coming into the Earth + it's atmosphere
- Amount of this Incoming Solar Radiation which leaves the Earth + it's atmosphere
- The Movements of the Heat Energy
Card 3
Front
What happens if MORE ISR GOES INTO Earth + it's atmosphere than LEAVES?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happens if MORE HEAT ENERGY LEAVES Earth + it's atmosphere than GOES INTO it?
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