Distillation

?
  • Created by: Bella101
  • Created on: 21-04-17 20:04
What is distillation?
Distillation is a process that can be used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids. It works when the liquids have different boiling points.
1 of 16
What is the first step of separating ethanol from water?
Step 1-water and ethanol solution are heated
2 of 16
What is the second step of separating ethanol from water?
Step 2 - the ethanol evaporates first, cools, then condenses
3 of 16
What is the last/ third step of separating ethanol from water?
Step 3 - the water left evaporates, cools, then condenses
4 of 16
What is tap water?
A mixture
5 of 16
To make water pure how do you separate it from the dissolved solids?
Distillation. When mineral water evaporates, only the water turns to vapour. the solid minerals, which have higher boiling points, are left behind. The water vapour is pure. If the vapour is condensed, it turns back to now PURE liquid water.
6 of 16
What simply is distillation?
The combination of evaporation followed by distillation.
7 of 16
What is the simple method for distilling?
Apparatus= a simple still. Water is heated in the conical flask and the vapour travels along the delivery tube, where it condenses.
8 of 16
Is the simple method for distilling efficient?
No because much of the vapour is lost.
9 of 16
Regarding distillation which is the most efficient apparatus?
Distillation apparatus. the condenser keeps the tube cool so that almost all of the vapour condenses and turns into a liquid.
10 of 16
What is fractional distillation?
The separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point, normally using a fractionating column.
11 of 16
How is fractional distillation different to simple distillation?
Fractional distillation differs from distillation only in that it separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions.
12 of 16
What can fractional distillation be used for?
To separate different products in crude oil. To make alcoholic drinks such as whisky and vodka. To separate out the gases in the air, after the air has been cooled and turned to a liquid at -200°C. To separate 2 or more liquids.
13 of 16
Why is it called fractional distillation?
As the original mixture will be split into several parts, or fractions. The first fraction to be collected contains the liquid with the lowest boiling point. The fractions could be pure liquids, or may still be mixtures.
14 of 16
How does fractional distillation work? (Part 1)
A column is fixed above the distillation flask. The hot vapour rises up the column. At first, the vapour condenses when it hits the cool glass and drips back down the flask. As the column gradually heats up, there will be a temperature gradient.
15 of 16
How does fractional distillation work? (Part 2)
It will be hotter at the bottom and the temperature will drop as you go further up the fractionating column. The fraction with the lowest boiling point will reach the top of the column first and the vapour will then pass into the condenser.
16 of 16

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the first step of separating ethanol from water?

Back

Step 1-water and ethanol solution are heated

Card 3

Front

What is the second step of separating ethanol from water?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the last/ third step of separating ethanol from water?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is tap water?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »See all Distillation resources »