What are the three effects of institutuionalisation?
Disinhibited attachment- equally friendly to strangers and familiar people.
Mental retardation- Can catch up to normal if they are adopted before the age of 6 months.
Developmental dwarfism- Physically smaller due to lack of care and nutrition.
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What was the method of Rutter's study?
Physical, cognitive and emotional development was tested at 4,6,11 and 15 years. 52 British adopted children were the control.
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What were the findings of Rutter's study?
The mean IQ of children adopted before the age of 6 months was 102 and 77 if adopted after 2 years. Children adopted after 6 months showed disinhibited attachment. Adoption before 6 months can reduce significant damage.
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What was the method of Zeenah et al's study?
Assessed 95 children aged between 12-31 months who were mostly institutionalised. They used Strange Situation to measure attachment type. Carers were asked about unusual behaviours like being clingy to all adults.
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What were the findings of Zeenah et al's study?
74% of the control group was securely attached. 19% of the institutional group were securely attached. 65% has a disorganised attachment. 44% were described as having a disinhibited attachment. Compared to 20% in the control.
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What is one support for research into institutionalisation?
(understanding)
Langton found that orphanages and child's homes now avoid having multiple caregivers. This shows that the research has led to changes that help to prevent this in the future and the findings are immensely valuable practically.
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What is one support for research into institutionalisation?
(lack of confounding variables)
Due to the children being institutionalised from birth, there is no confounding variable as there is no death, abuse etc beforehand. This means the observed effects are more direct and make us more confident for institutions causing negative effects.
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What is one criticism of research into institutionalisation?
(generalisability)
Not all the orphanages' conditions were typically and may not fully represent what the situation was like in other Romanian orphanages. The studies lack generalisability as the orphanages lacked mental stimulation.
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What is one criticism of research into institutionalisation?
(methodology-Rutter)
Rutter's study didn't use random allocation. Therefore the researchers didn't interfere with the adoption process. Those adopted may have been more sociable which may have reduced the negative effects anyway.
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What is one criticism of research into institutionalisation?
(ethics-Zeenah et al)
Zeenah used random allocation. There was three conditions from good care to staying in institutions. Ethical choice is questionable as to if its ok to choose which children were/ were not fostered. Some kids chosen to have worse development?
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the method of Rutter's study?
Back
Physical, cognitive and emotional development was tested at 4,6,11 and 15 years. 52 British adopted children were the control.
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