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- Created by: Hope
- Created on: 04-05-16 14:42
1. What is the test for direct effect?
- Does this apply to individuals?
- Well written, certain, independent
- Clear & unambiguous, unconditional, not dependent on further action
- Clear, conditional, needs further actions
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2. What is dualism?
- National law takes priority over international law
- EU law has to be translated into national law
- Incorporation of law requires two channels of communication
- EU law takes effect straight away
3. What is Monism?
- An EU institution
- International law applies without need for translation
- A type of legislation
- International law applies in one method
4. Which cases uses the estoppel argument?
- Ratti
- Van Duyn
- Van Gend En Loos
- Dafrenne v SABENA
5. Do the treaties mention anything?
- No, treaties don't mention it
- Yes, treaties say national judges would be applying EU law in national courts
- Yes, treaties explain it in detail
- Yes, treaties say some legislation can be directly applicable
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