digestion and the digestive system in humans
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- Created by: 14megan
- Created on: 28-04-19 20:45
why are carbohydrates required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
they are high in energy; found it bread and pasta (sugars and starch); could cause type 2 diabetes, obesity, tooth decay.
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why are proteins required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
they are needed for growth and repair; found in eggs, meats, nuts (amino acids); could cause kidney damage.
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why are fats/lipids required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
they are needed for energy store, insulation and protection of organs; meats (fatty acids); too much could cause obesity, heart disease or circulatory disease.
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why are vitamins required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
they are needed to remain healthy; found in fruit and vegetables; could cause bad/unhealthy tissue.
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why are minerals required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
they are needed for haemogoblin and to control blood pressure; found in salt and milk; too much could cause nausea, diarrhea or stomach cramps.
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why is fibre required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
needed for digestive health and regular bowel movements; found in wholegrain breakfasts, cereals, berries and barley; could cause diarrhea.
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why is water, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
needed in cells and helps regulate body temperature; found in fruits, drinks; could cause hyponatemia.
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what is the name of the test for glucose and how do you know if it's a positive result?
benedict's test and it will be blue if there's no glucose then green, orange and red if it's present.
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what is the name of the test for fats and how do you know if it's a positive result?
emulsion test and a cloudy/milky layer is formed.
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what is the name of the test for protein and how do you know if it's a positive result?
biuret test and it will go light blue to purple depending on how present it is.
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what is the name of the test for starch and how do you know if it's a positive result?
iodine test and it will go brown to blue/black.
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how do you work out the energy per gram of food?
mass of water (g) x temperature rise (degrees celsius) x 4.2/mass of food sample (g)
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what reaction is catalysed from carbohydrase and what is the function of it?
it breaks up carbohydrates into smaller sugars. the sugar is used to create energy in respiration.
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what reaction is catalysed from protease and what is the function of it?
it breaks proteins into amino acids which are used for growing.
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what reaction is catalysed from lipase and what is the function of it?
it breaks fats into fatty acids and glycerol which is used for insulation.
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what is peristalsis?
the movement of mood by contractions of the circular muscles and longitudinal muscles in the digestive tract.
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when is emulsification occured?
when bile is stored in the gall bladder is released from the liver.
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how does bile aid the process of fat digestion?
bile makes it easier for the lipase to break down fats. the bile breaks down fats into smaller fats which makes it easier for the lipase to break it up.
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what is the function of the mouth?
begins the digestion of starch enzyme (which is called carbohydrase).
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what is the function of the oesophagus?
no digestion occurs, food is moved down into the stomach.
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what is the function of the stomach?
begins the digestion of protein (enzyme called protease) and the acidicness of the stomach kills bacteria.
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what is the function of the small intestine?
the starch is broken down into maltose with the pancreatic carbohydrase; completes the digestion of protein to amino acids (enzyme called protease); the fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol (enzyme is called pancreatic lipase);
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(continued)
completes the digestion of carbohydrates to glucose ( enzyme is carbohydrase); the breakdown products of all foods is absorbed here.
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what is the function of the large intestine?
it reabsorbs water that has been added to digestive juices.
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what is the function of the gall bladder?
stores bile produced in the liver and then relaes it into the small intestine.
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what is the function of the liver?
it produces bile which helps the digestion of fats.
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what is the function of the anus?
faeces are egested from here.
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how does peristalsis aid the movement of food along the digestive tract?
by the contractions of circular muscles (in the oesophagus) and longitudinal muscles. this then moves the food down into the stomach.
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what happens in the ileum (in the small intestine)?
most absorption happens here.
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what are villi and what do they do?
villi are very small folds of the lining in the small intestine (5mm long). they increase the surface area for absorption.
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what does each villus have?
their own network of capillaries that will transport small soluble nutrients around the body.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
why are proteins required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
Back
they are needed for growth and repair; found in eggs, meats, nuts (amino acids); could cause kidney damage.
Card 3
Front
why are fats/lipids required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
Back
Card 4
Front
why are vitamins required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
Back
Card 5
Front
why are minerals required, what is it in and what are the risks of excess consumption?
Back
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