Digestion & Circulation

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Describe the function of saliva
To lubricate food as it is swallowed
1 of 35
Where is bile stored
The gall bladder
2 of 35
Name th types of enzyme produced in the pancreas
Carbohydrase, lipase and protease
3 of 35
Give the function of the large intestine
Absorption of water
4 of 35
Name the organ that pumps your blood
The heart
5 of 35
In wha direction do arteries carry blood
Away from the heart
6 of 35
Explain why the term 'double pump' is used for the heart in mammals
Blood passes through it twice on every circuit of the body.
7 of 35
Explain why malignant tumors are more serious than benign ones
Malignant tumours are cancerous and spread, benign tumours are not cancerous and do not spread.
8 of 35
Describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Common side effects are feeling tired and weak, being sick and losing your hair.
9 of 35
Explain why doctors often use stents rarther than transplants
Stents are less invasive and less dangerous. It is faster to recover from an operation in which they are inserted.
10 of 35
Explain why we must digest our food
To break it down into small enough pieces to be absorbed into our blood
11 of 35
Define the term 'enzyme'
A biological molecule that speeds up a reaction
12 of 35
Name the enzyme that breaks down proteins, and the products
Protease, amino acids
13 of 35
Name the enzyme that breaks down carbs, and the products
Carbohydrase, sugars
14 of 35
Name the enzyme that breaks down fats, and the products
Lipase, fatty acids and glycerol
15 of 35
Describe how you could use boiled and unboiled amylase to show that enzymes denature
The unboiled amylase will break down the starch into glucose. The boiled amylase is denatured and so no glucose will be produced.
16 of 35
What are the two conditions that can denature an enzyme
Extremes of temperature and ph
17 of 35
Define the term 'optimum' in relation to the pH of an enzyme
The ph at which the enzyme works most effectively
18 of 35
Describe the pathway of the blood from the left atrium
Left atrium, left ventricle, rest of body, right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium
19 of 35
Describe how capillaries are adated for their function
They are extremely thin to allow as much oxygen to diffuse from the blood into the cells and as much carbon dioxide to diffuse the opposite way.
20 of 35
Describe how phagocytes protect us from pathogens
They engulf pathogens and destroy them with enzymes.
21 of 35
Name the blood vessels that provide heart cells with glucose and oxygen
Coronary arteries
22 of 35
Describe the effects of having faulty heart valves
Breathlessness, tiredness, dizziness and chest pain
23 of 35
Describe how doctors screen for cancer
Screening can be feeling a bump to see if it is a tumour, and taking blood tests, urine tests or x-ray images. Doctors can also use monoclonal antibodies.
24 of 35
What does 'HPV' stand for, and what is the significance of this infection
Hpv stands for human papillomavirus. Infection with hpv can cause cancer.
25 of 35
Describe the symptoms of stress
Sleep badly, lose their appetite and have difficulties concentrating
26 of 35
Define the term 'anxiety'
Anxiety is a feeling of unease, which might be worry or fear.
27 of 35
Describe ow you could model perisralsis using a ball and a pair of tights
Push the ball into the pair of tights. Contract your hands around the tights immediately behind the tights to push it through them. This models the muscles pushing food through the intestines.
28 of 35
Explain the process of peristalsis
Peristalsis is the rhythmical contraction of muscle behind food in the digestive system to push it along.
29 of 35
Explain how the lock and key hypothesis models enzyme action
The enzyme is specific for the substrate and fits into it to break it down just like a key is specific for a lock and fits into it.
30 of 35
Name the part of the enzymethat is specific to the substrate
The active site
31 of 35
Explain denaturing of enzymes using the lock and key hypothesis
The lock has changed shape and the key will no longer fit it. So the enzyme’s active site has changed shape and will no longer fit the substrate.
32 of 35
Suggest the effects of having reduced platelet count
The blood does not clot as quickly as it should do.
33 of 35
Describe the causes of atherosclerosis
High blood pressure, smoking and excessive alcohol, high cholesterol and poor diet
34 of 35
Explain why doctors prefer to use stents than complete bypass operations
Inserting a stent is less dangerous and faster to recover from.
35 of 35

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where is bile stored

Back

The gall bladder

Card 3

Front

Name th types of enzyme produced in the pancreas

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give the function of the large intestine

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name the organ that pumps your blood

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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