Dental Public Health

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The Black Report, 1980
Report of the Working Group on Inequalities in Health • concern about social gulf in health • published in 1980 • concluded that poorer health experience of lower occupational groups experienced at all stages of life • marked class gradient with incr
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The Health Divide- Margaret Whitehead, 1987
• intended as update on progress with recommendations of the Black Report • published in 1987 • confirms previous conclusions i.e. fall in mortality rates, but not experienced equally across all population groups • → widening health inequalities
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The Acheson Report, 1998
recommendations incorporated into strategies and the NHS Plan (2000)
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The Marmot Review-Fair Societies, Healthy Lives
• reducing health inequalities is a matter of fairness and social justice • there is a social gradient in health • health inequalities result from social inequalities • actions must be universal • benefits to society • fair distribution of health, we
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Composite measures of deprivation
• Townsend Index • Jarman Index • Carstairs Score
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Townsend Index
uses census data, four indicators of material deprivation: • % unemployed • % households with no car • % households not owner-occupied • % households overcrowded
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Jarman Underprivileged Area Index
intended to assess GMP workload: • elderly people living alone • single parent households • unemployed people • people who have moved house within previous year • children under 5yrs • overcrowded households • ethnic minority household, social classV
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Carstairs Score
used in Scotland four variables: • % male unemployed • % households with no car • % households with ‘head’ social class IV or V • % households overcrowded • scores divided into seven deprivation categories – DEPCAT
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ACORN-A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods
• developed for marketing purposes • identifies socially homogenous population subgroups • uses clusters of census data covering family structure, household type, economic status40 variables • 56 residential types-collapsed to 17 groups
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4 health inequalities identified in the Black Report
Artefact, Social selection process, Cultural/behavioural, Materialist/structuralist
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Artefact
health inequalities are not real but can be explained by the way in which health and social class are measured
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Social selection process
occupational class structure filters people so that those with poorer health drift down the social scale
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Cultural/behavioural explanations
behavioural and lifestyle choices vary between people from different socioeconomic backgrounds
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Materialist or structuralist explanations
emphasise the role of the external environment & factors beyond an individual’s control
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

• intended as update on progress with recommendations of the Black Report • published in 1987 • confirms previous conclusions i.e. fall in mortality rates, but not experienced equally across all population groups • → widening health inequalities

Back

The Health Divide- Margaret Whitehead, 1987

Card 3

Front

recommendations incorporated into strategies and the NHS Plan (2000)

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

• reducing health inequalities is a matter of fairness and social justice • there is a social gradient in health • health inequalities result from social inequalities • actions must be universal • benefits to society • fair distribution of health, we

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

• Townsend Index • Jarman Index • Carstairs Score

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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