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6. What does reduced ACC response to decision making show?

  • More accurate decision making
  • More risky decision making
  • Damage to the ACC
  • Less risky decision making

7. Damage to what brain area results in riskier emotion based decisions (Domasio et al)?

  • Dorsolateral PFC
  • Ventromedial PFC
  • Frontolateral PFC
  • Amygdala

8. What is prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979, 1984)?

  • Humans are not logical but we never make decisions based on emotion
  • Humans are logical but we sometimes make decisions based on emotion
  • Humans are not logical, we make decisions based on emotion
  • Humans are logical as we never make decisions based on emotion

9. Do people over or underestimate the value of gain and loss?

  • Both
  • Neither
  • Overestimate
  • Underestimate

10. What brain area is associated with negative emotions (wariness, caution, anger, betrayal) (Dimoka et al, 2010, 2011)?

  • ACC
  • Insula cortex
  • Amygdala
  • Caudate nucleus

11. What is multiple attribute theory (Wright, 1984)?

  • Only consider options that have multiple attributes
  • The quickest decision making method
  • Weight attributes to select best option
  • Eliminate options based on a criteria

12. Why do Parkinson's patients develop gambling problems/ impulsive behaviours?

  • A way of coping
  • Their medication- L dopa
  • It is part of their disease
  • Their medication- steroids

13. What is the term for why people expect loss to reduce happiness more than gains of an equal amount would increase happiness?

  • Loss aversion
  • Financial state dependency
  • Loss of money
  • Gain aversion

14. What is the term to describe the fact that we try to lose the least amount as possible?

  • Loss Aversion
  • Sunk cost effect
  • Overconfidence
  • Minimum loss

15. Who found that distrust is an indicator of buying behaviour (shown in amygdala and insula cortex)?

  • Klein (1998)
  • Dimoka et al (2010, 2011)
  • Payne (1976)

16. Which brain area is activated when we have fear of loss (Dimoka et al, 2010, 2011)?

  • Orbitofrontal cortex
  • Insula cortex
  • Amygdala
  • ACC

17. What is the Asian disease problem (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981)?

  • The problem being framed the same for two different sets of data
  • The problem is framed differently resulting in people favouring each options equally but, the data is the same
  • The problem is framed differently resulting in people favouring one option over the other but, the data is the same
  • The problem being framed differently for different sets of data

18. Who found that receiving a signal of trust from a stranger makes people feel more positive about them and leads to more oxytocin?

  • Zak et al (2004)
  • Tversky & Kahneman (1981)
  • Goldberg et al (1999)
  • Kermer et al (2006)

19. Who found that elimination by aspects is used by non-experts and recognition primed decision model is used by experts?

  • Goldberg et al (1999)
  • Klein (1998)
  • Zak et al (2004)
  • Payne (1976)

20. What is utility theory?

  • Stolen from economics- assumes we are logical and we make decisions to maximise gain and minimise loss
  • Stolen from linguistics- assumes we are logical and we make decisions to maximise gain and minimise loss
  • Stolen from linguistics- assumes we are illogical and we make decisions that ultimately result in loss
  • Stolen from economics- assumes we are illogical and we make decisions that ultimately result in loss