Custodial Sentencing

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  • Created by: niamhkm08
  • Created on: 02-03-21 12:07
What are the 4 main aims of custodial
sentencing?
1. Deterrence

2. Incapacitation

3. Retribution

4. Rehabilitation
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What is deterrence?
Deterrence is used to prevent the offender re-offending and demonstrate to society the consequences of similar actions.
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What are the 2 levels that deterrence works on?
1. GENERAL deterrence (aims to send a broad message to members of a given society that crime will not be tolerated).
2. INDIVIDUAL deterrence (prevents the individual from repeating the same offences in light of their prison experience).
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Which theory is this view based on?
The behaviourist theory - idea of conditioning through vicarious punishment.
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What is incapacitation?
The offender is taken out of society to prevent them reoffending as a means of protecting the public.
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What is the need for incapacitation likely to depend upon?
1. The SEVERITY of the offence.
2. The NATURE of the offender.
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What is retribution?
Retribution is used to show society and the victim's family that the offender has been forced to pay for their actions.
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What is rehabilitation?
Using education and treatment programmes to change offender behaviour, hoping that upon release, prisoners should be better adjusted and ready to take their place back in society.
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What are 3 of the psychological effects of custodial sentencing?
1. Stress and Depression

2. Institutionalisation

3. Prisonisation
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In the last 20 years, suicide rates among offenders have tended to be around _____ in comparison to those in the general population.
15 times higher
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BARTOL (1995) has suggested that, for many offenders, imprisonment can be brutal, demeaning and devastating. What demographic is most at risk of suicide, and at what time period?
Most at risk are young, single men during the first 24 hours of confinement.
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A study conducted by the Prison Reform Trust (2014) found that what percentages of men and women reported symptoms of psychosis during their time in prison?
Men - 15%

Women - 25%
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These figures (above) suggest that custodial sentencing in not effective at doing what?
Rehabilitating the individual.
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What is recidivism?
Recidivism refers to reoffending. Recidivism rates in ex-prisoners tell us to what extent prison acts as an effective deterrent.
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What country has the lowest reoffending rates in Europe?
Norway - 20%
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Why does Norway have the lowest reoffending rates in Europe?
Because Norway has less emphasis on incarceration and greater emphasis on rehabilitation and skills development than elsewhere.
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What do reoffending rates vary with?
- Time period after release
- Age of offender
- Crime committed
- Country
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Give 2 STRENGTHS of custodial sentencing
+ It PROTECTS SOCIETY FROM CRIMINALS since the opportunities to reoffend and limited while in jail.

+ In better prisons, it provides OPPORTUNITIES FOR REHABILITATION (training and treatment).
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Give 2 WEAKNESSES of custodial sentencing
- It may have serious harmful effects of the MENTAL HEALTH of those who are imprisoned (psychological effects).

- It may simply act as a TRAINING GROUND for young offenders to learn more about how to commit serious crimes (school for crime).
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is deterrence?

Back

Deterrence is used to prevent the offender re-offending and demonstrate to society the consequences of similar actions.

Card 3

Front

What are the 2 levels that deterrence works on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Which theory is this view based on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is incapacitation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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