crisis and recovery 1918-29

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  • Created by: Jaderose
  • Created on: 11-05-14 10:29
why did people like the war coalition
patriotic and effective reflected a united nation working together unity felt that the combination would help restore normality
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what were some serious difficulties the coalition government faced?
rising economic power of USA and germany, home rule, government debt, the dislocation of trade and industry, demobilising mobilising more than 5m men
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who were two people in his coalition
balfour and churchill
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what was churchill in charge of what was the result
demobilisation carried through in 1919 without making unemployment significantly worse
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what was ended to do with industry
control over fixed prices profit wages rent
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by the end of 1921 how many people were unemployed
2 miilion
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why were so many people unemployed
the failure of Britains staple industries
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what did the sankey commission suggest that the conservatives couldn't stand
nationalisation of the coal mines
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what was the increase in trade unions
doubled from 4 million to 8 million between 1914 and 1920
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give an example of how militant trade unions became
there was lots of strikes like the police strike in liverpool riots in glasgow 1920 dockers refused to load weapons on a ship to fight in the russian civil war 1921 national miners strike over wage cuts
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what was passed after there was a threat of general strike in 1921 and what was its purpose
emergency powers act for a provision for a state of emergency
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what social reform was passed in 1919
addisons housing act 200,000 good quality council houses
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what other reforms were created
fishers education act (leaving age 14), Pensions extended, unemployment benefit to cover 8 million earning below average wage
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how much did the geddes cut propose to cut government spending by and where the most
£86 million notably in education and public health
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why did people feel betrayed
due to severe financial cuts people felt that land fit for heroes had not been accomplished they felt betrayed
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who did the government deploy to fight against the IRA
the black and tans
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what act was passed in 1920 to do with ireland but sinn fein rejected
government of ireland act ulster unionist ruled in the north and catholic nationalists ruled the south still a part of uk but has its own parliament
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what act was passed in 1921 that caused massive divisions with the nationalists
anglo irish treaty self governing part of the empire nationalists signed but caused civil war
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who was civil war against in ireland
pro and anti treaty pro treaty- micheal collins and ani- eamon de valera
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what weakened lloyd georges relations with the conservatives
the resignation of bonar law
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what were the main reasons to lloyd georges fall
honours scandal selling honours to finance own political party , chanak affair ordered troops into action without consolation with the his coalition partners
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what were the results of the 1922 election
lab-142 lib-116 cons-345
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who decided to call an election in december 1923 and why
stanley baldwin over tariff reform
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what useful reforms did labour create in its short time in power
raised pensions, unemployment benefit, wheatleys housing act 0.5 million new council houses a comittee to set up future of secondary education but only lasted 10 months
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why did the labour gov only last 10 months
liberals withdrew their support, soft on communism over trade deal with ussr, macdonalds indesisive handling of the campbell case (urged men to disobey orders if were sent down to put down a general strike) zinoviev letter
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what was the zinoviev letter
publishe by dailymail 4 days before the election supposedly sent from the leader of the USSR to promote acts of subversion exploited by the conservatives
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who won the 1924 election
conservative and were in power until 1929
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what fraction of employed in staple industries
1/4 of employment
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what fractions of exports were staple industries
3/4
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throught 1920's what was the rough percentage of unemployed
10-15%
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what was the fall in world exports in percent
from 18 to 11 percent
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what were some positive developments in the 1920's
new industries developed chemicals, motor car production was three times better than 1913 setting up the general electricity board and development of nat grid economic growth faster than 1914 rise in living standards 1million jobs created in 1920's
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why did the service sector grow
due to spread of retailing road transport mass entertainment and administration
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what problem did the conservative government 1922-23 try and solve and how
trade tried to inroduce tariff reform to protect british industry and foreign competition
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what problems did the labour government 1923-4 try and solve and how
trade-trade treaty with soviet Russia and tried to negotiate with germany to restore it as a trade partner and by dawes plan and the young plan unemployment public work programme too small scale industry subsides extended to imperial airways
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what problem did the conservative government 1924-9 try and solve and how
trade winston churchill put britain back on the gold standard in 1925 exchange rate set too high exports were uncompetitive things like coal broke off relation of soviet russia
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why were there disputes in coalfields and in what year
tried to reduce wages so they campaigned for higher wages in 1921, 1925 and 1926
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what month was the general strike
may 1926
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how long dod the general strike last for?
9 days
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what happened to the lead up of the general strike
the employers locked out the workers
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how many people were in the genera strike
3 million
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who were in a triple alliance together in the general strike
dockers miner and railwaymen
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how did Baldwins government intervene
offered financial support subside miners wages and mine owners profits for 9 months and set up the Samuel commission to investigate and report on problem in the coal industry
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what did the Samuel commission conclude
rejected nationalisation, said mines should be restructured with government help, opposed longer working hours argued wage cuts essential to save jobs
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when did the government subsides end
april 1926
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how many volunteer workers were under the emegency powers act
100,000 to supplement armed forces
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what did baldwin argue how did he win public sympathy
argued that general strike was a threat to british constitution and he won public sympathy by turning the issue away from the miners grievances to the question who ruled britain
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who were the miners leaders and why did nobody like them
smith and cook smith made no contribution and cooks speeches frightened the public
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explain failures of TUC leadership to do with the general strike
only started serious preparations one week before TUC called a printing strike meaning friendly hostile newspapers were closed and their own newspaper came out too late to make a difference
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what was the trades disputes act 1927
limitations on unions outlawed sympathy strikes
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conclude standley balwin in power
was head of the conservatives for 14 years and prime minister 3 times between 1922 to 1937 self inflicted defeat in 1923 can be criticised for putting britain back on the gold standard
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what were some successes of Balwins government
set up the BBC, built new houses, and a range of reforms in local government, widows pensions and health were pushed through balwin passed equal voting rights for women in 1928
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Card 2

Front

what were some serious difficulties the coalition government faced?

Back

rising economic power of USA and germany, home rule, government debt, the dislocation of trade and industry, demobilising mobilising more than 5m men

Card 3

Front

who were two people in his coalition

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what was churchill in charge of what was the result

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what was ended to do with industry

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Preview of the front of card 5
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