Crinoids

?
V W A T E R V A S C U L A R S Y S T E M C
I K Y Y F D F C Y R C P O J D N R R K F E
W M C I N F R A B A S A L P L A T E S T O
D V J F K C Q K T D V U Y S M C X C S V Q
F F Q L P F D H K I D I J Q R H I U C T L
V X Y U O I K H T A F I R O U A H R X H K
Q P Y G S V E W G L U X H C L I A D E F A
U T Y O E E E V J P V G M P H U E A V R P
X N G V T F U S L L M G P F P F F V O G R
V E S U A O O E W A I J J W K F I J L Q B
R M O J L L K L Y T J I X W O A L H U R G
V N S S P D X C L E O H V E V K F O T J V
M O O Y L S Y E T S S T D U F W O L I O P
J R T J A Y N Q N N O A S X Q P E D O X G
W I L I S M H Y O A M B N X D C D F N B U
W V Y C A M B G X T U O S E W Q O A O L S
M N F I B E E D S V U K K M A U M S V O N
R E V H C T D E W A D S X K A Q O T H C E
B W K P B R T W B T C G L T K D W Q E W F
N Q R M E Y F E P C S S V W J V W O H S N
R G A M B L U R T P L U H D R Y D X K O G

Clues

  • attaches to substrate - if on hard substrate they secrete cement to attach at base of stem (4, 4)
  • Calcite plates (4, 4, 2)
  • First evolved in Ordovician. Peaked in upper Paleozoic (early carboniferous). Are extant (9)
  • Fossil crinoids= sessile- holdfast attached to seabed. Some vagrant (4, 2, 4)
  • moderate energy (filter feeders). Above and below photic zone (11)
  • on calyx- attach calyx to stem (10, 6)
  • on calyx- point of attachment for arms (6, 6)
  • on calyx- structural (5, 6)
  • structures arranged in multiples of five (4, 4, 8)
  • system of internal hydraulics that operate tube feet for movement and feeding etc. (5, 8, 6)

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