Criminology revision

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ASSUMPTIONS OF BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIME
1. Physical characteristics make some people more likely to commit crime than others.
2. Criminal tendencies can be inherited (genetic)
3. Investigation of the person’s genetic material, brain or body will reveal criminal tendencies (physiological)
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TWO TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL THEORY
Genetic, psychological
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Cesare Lombroso
believed that criminals were individuals who had failed to evolve at the same pace as the remainder of the human race, and that criminals could be identified by their physical characteristics
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BODY TYPES infer personality types
1.Endomorphic (fat and soft) tend to be sociable and relaxed.
2.Ectomorphic (thin and fragile) are introverted and restrained
3.Mesomorphic (muscular and hard) tend to be aggressive and adventurous and seek vigorous physical activity, callous, ruthless in
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TWIN STUDIES
Monozygotic twins
• Known as “identical” twins are 100% genetically related
•
Dizygotic twins
Known as “non-identical” or “fraternal” twins, parents and offspring are 50% genetically related
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Family studies
These studies look at the similarity in behaviour between members of the same family. Francis Galton, a famous Victorian scientist, had looked at how intelligence or genius ran in families concluding that this was hereditary.
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Adoption studies
Adoption studies :suggest that crime could be due to biological reason alongside relatives,siblings and twins that have been adopted at a young age.
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JACOBS XYY STUDY
There is a belief that criminals have an extra Y chromosome, giving them an XYY chromosome makeup, rather than an XY makeup. This has been associated with a strong compulsion to commit crime
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OTHER BIOLOGICAL THEORIES
Neurophysiological (brain damage) - both recent and more older research suggests there is a connection between this and criminal behaviour,AND
• Neurochemical–food etc,containingchemicalscaninfluenceandaffecthuman behaviour and criminality
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WHAT IS POLICY?
Crime control policies ,regulations and other governmental actions that are designed to reduce criminal acts.
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What are the two types of policy?
Formalpolicy–apolicythatinfluenceslaw-makingbygovernment
• Informal-policy–ideas put forward by non-government agencies to try and overcome a societal issue
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CRIME CONTROL POLICIES
DrugTreatments:Treatmentstoreduceoffendingsuchasdrugtreatmentsandalcohol abuse.These aim to reduce withdrawal symptoms. In addition prisoners are sometimes given sedatives and tranquillisers to keep violent prisoners calm.
• Diet:supplementingprisonersdie
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

TWO TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL THEORY

Back

Genetic, psychological

Card 3

Front

Cesare Lombroso

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

BODY TYPES infer personality types

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

TWIN STUDIES

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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