Crime and Deviance Thories
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- Created by: IzzyCobb
- Created on: 27-02-23 14:48
Boundery Maintainace
(Derkheim)
(Derkheim)
When society reaffirms its norms and values
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Adaptaion to change
(Durkheim)
(Durkheim)
Deviant behaviour demonstrates changing attitudes towards the population
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Strain Theory
(Merton)
(Merton)
Consensus means you can achive your goals through approved norms
Inequality has caused people to not beable to achieve the goals through appropriate means
Leads to the 5 adaptiaions
Inequality has caused people to not beable to achieve the goals through appropriate means
Leads to the 5 adaptiaions
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Anomie
(Merton)
(Merton)
Normlessness
- might lead to crime
- might lead to crime
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5 Adaptations
(Merton)
(Merton)
Conformity
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion
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Subcultural Theories
(Cohen)
(Cohen)
Subcultures are likley to take part in criminal activity and it would explain why non individual crimes would take place.
e.g: Vandalism,
Non-Utilitarian crimes
e.g: Vandalism,
Non-Utilitarian crimes
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Status Fustration
(Cohen)
(Cohen)
Found often in education
Young males are more likely to join a subculture inorder to try and gain status elsewhere
e.g: from their peers
Young males are more likely to join a subculture inorder to try and gain status elsewhere
e.g: from their peers
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Alternate Status Hierarchy
(Cohen)
(Cohen)
If a status in unobtainable through legitamate means so look for an alternative way to be awarded status in a devient society
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Illegitamate Opportunity Structure
(Cloward and Ohlin)
(Cloward and Ohlin)
Individuals have different levels of opportunities to perform devient or criminal cts in gangs.
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Criminal Subcultures
(Cloward and Ohlin)
(Cloward and Ohlin)
Organised crime where the career criminals can socialise youths into there own criminal career that might result in material sucess
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Conflict Subcultures
(Cloward and Ohlin)
(Cloward and Ohlin)
Gangs organised by young people themselves, often based on claiming territory from other gangs in so called
"turf wars"
"turf wars"
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Retreatest Subculture
(Cloward and Ohlin)
(Cloward and Ohlin)
Those who were unable to acces either legitamate or illegitamate opportunity structures might drop out althogether but might do as a group rather than individualty.
These groups might abuse drugs
These groups might abuse drugs
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Bonds of Attachment
(Hirschi)
(Hirschi)
Identifies 4 bonds of attachment:
Attachment - How much do we care what other think?
Commitment - What have we got to loose?
Involement - How involved are we in society?
Belief - To what extent do we believe obeying the law id the right thing to do?
Attachment - How much do we care what other think?
Commitment - What have we got to loose?
Involement - How involved are we in society?
Belief - To what extent do we believe obeying the law id the right thing to do?
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Criminogenic Capitalism
(Bonger)
(Bonger)
Capitalism promotes false needs yet does not provide opportunities to meet those needs and as such people turn to crime
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Criminogenic Capitalism
(Chambliss)
(Chambliss)
Greed and individualism promotes capitalism leads people to use whatever means necessary based upon social class.
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Late Modern Capitalism
(Gordon)
(Gordon)
Suggested that in a 'dog-eat-dog' society such as late modern capitalism in order to survive
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Social Starta
(Snider)
(Snider)
Crime is present through Social Strata
Only White collar and corporate crime are given low priority - dispite being more devistating than petty crimes
Only White collar and corporate crime are given low priority - dispite being more devistating than petty crimes
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White Collar Crime
Commited by people with wealth and status
Often middle class
Often middle class
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Corporate Crime
Commited by big businesses/companies
Often ignored even though it does huge damage
Often ignored even though it does huge damage
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Selective Law Enforcement
(Reiman & Leighton)
(Reiman & Leighton)
The Justice system in lenient with middle class crime and is biased against the poor
The middle class may be let off of a crime while the working class with be prosecuted for a crime
The middle class may be let off of a crime while the working class with be prosecuted for a crime
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Moral Entrepreneurs
(Becker)
(Becker)
Are groups that have the power to craete and enforce rules
Example: Police and the Media
Example: Police and the Media
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Primary Devience
(Lemert)
(Lemert)
Are deviant acts that have been pubically labeled as a crime
Example: Breaking traffic laws
Example: Breaking traffic laws
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Secondary Devience
(Lemert)
(Lemert)
Occours when the offender is discovered and is publically exposed and the label of devience is attached
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Bad Area
(Cicourel)
(Cicourel)
Areas where delinquents were more likely to be arrested and charged as offenders
Areas with low income and poor occupations
Areas with low income and poor occupations
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Moral Panic
(Hall)
(Hall)
An exaggerated outbust in society that causes others to panic about the moral behaviour of groups in society
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'Black Muggar'
(Hall)
(Hall)
There is no actual definition of a muggar
The black mugger was used to describe a person describe a moral panic over black criminallity
The black mugger was used to describe a person describe a moral panic over black criminallity
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Ideological Functions of Crime
(Pearce)
(Pearce)
Laws can benefit the working class - Health and Safety laws/minimum wage
Creates False Class Conciousness
Creates False Class Conciousness
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Ration Choice Theory
(Wilson)
(Wilson)
People weigh up wheter it is worth making a crime and look at the rewards verses the punishment.
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Broken Windows Theory
(Wilson)
(Wilson)
An area maintaining an apperance to uphold law and order
Example: A run down area will have more crime as less police presents, than a place with lots of police presents
Example: A run down area will have more crime as less police presents, than a place with lots of police presents
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The Square of Crime
(Lea and Young)
(Lea and Young)
Used to explain why crime occours
looks at the inter-relationships between the four elements:
State, informed social control, the offender, the victim
looks at the inter-relationships between the four elements:
State, informed social control, the offender, the victim
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Edgework
(Katz and Lyng)
(Katz and Lyng)
People are seduced to crime as it gives them a thrill to commit it
People get a thrill from engaing in criminal and deviant behaviour / being on the edge of acceptable behaviour
People get a thrill from engaing in criminal and deviant behaviour / being on the edge of acceptable behaviour
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Deviant behaviour demonstrates changing attitudes towards the population
Back
Adaptaion to change
(Durkheim)
(Durkheim)
Card 3
Front
Consensus means you can achive your goals through approved norms
Inequality has caused people to not beable to achieve the goals through appropriate means
Leads to the 5 adaptiaions
Inequality has caused people to not beable to achieve the goals through appropriate means
Leads to the 5 adaptiaions
Back
Card 4
Front
Normlessness
- might lead to crime
- might lead to crime
Back
Card 5
Front
Conformity
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion
Back
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