Crime and Deviance Thories

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  • Created by: IzzyCobb
  • Created on: 27-02-23 14:48
Boundery Maintainace
(Derkheim)
When society reaffirms its norms and values
1 of 31
Adaptaion to change
(Durkheim)
Deviant behaviour demonstrates changing attitudes towards the population
2 of 31
Strain Theory
(Merton)
Consensus means you can achive your goals through approved norms

Inequality has caused people to not beable to achieve the goals through appropriate means

Leads to the 5 adaptiaions
3 of 31
Anomie
(Merton)
Normlessness

- might lead to crime
4 of 31
5 Adaptations
(Merton)
Conformity

Innovation

Ritualism

Retreatism

Rebellion
5 of 31
Subcultural Theories
(Cohen)
Subcultures are likley to take part in criminal activity and it would explain why non individual crimes would take place.

e.g: Vandalism,
Non-Utilitarian crimes
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Status Fustration
(Cohen)
Found often in education

Young males are more likely to join a subculture inorder to try and gain status elsewhere

e.g: from their peers
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Alternate Status Hierarchy
(Cohen)
If a status in unobtainable through legitamate means so look for an alternative way to be awarded status in a devient society
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Illegitamate Opportunity Structure
(Cloward and Ohlin)
Individuals have different levels of opportunities to perform devient or criminal cts in gangs.
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Criminal Subcultures
(Cloward and Ohlin)
Organised crime where the career criminals can socialise youths into there own criminal career that might result in material sucess
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Conflict Subcultures
(Cloward and Ohlin)
Gangs organised by young people themselves, often based on claiming territory from other gangs in so called
"turf wars"
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Retreatest Subculture
(Cloward and Ohlin)
Those who were unable to acces either legitamate or illegitamate opportunity structures might drop out althogether but might do as a group rather than individualty.

These groups might abuse drugs
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Bonds of Attachment
(Hirschi)
Identifies 4 bonds of attachment:
Attachment - How much do we care what other think?
Commitment - What have we got to loose?
Involement - How involved are we in society?
Belief - To what extent do we believe obeying the law id the right thing to do?
13 of 31
Criminogenic Capitalism
(Bonger)
Capitalism promotes false needs yet does not provide opportunities to meet those needs and as such people turn to crime
14 of 31
Criminogenic Capitalism
(Chambliss)
Greed and individualism promotes capitalism leads people to use whatever means necessary based upon social class.
15 of 31
Late Modern Capitalism
(Gordon)
Suggested that in a 'dog-eat-dog' society such as late modern capitalism in order to survive
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Social Starta
(Snider)
Crime is present through Social Strata

Only White collar and corporate crime are given low priority - dispite being more devistating than petty crimes
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White Collar Crime
Commited by people with wealth and status

Often middle class
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Corporate Crime
Commited by big businesses/companies

Often ignored even though it does huge damage
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Selective Law Enforcement
(Reiman & Leighton)
The Justice system in lenient with middle class crime and is biased against the poor

The middle class may be let off of a crime while the working class with be prosecuted for a crime
20 of 31
Moral Entrepreneurs
(Becker)
Are groups that have the power to craete and enforce rules

Example: Police and the Media
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Primary Devience
(Lemert)
Are deviant acts that have been pubically labeled as a crime

Example: Breaking traffic laws
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Secondary Devience
(Lemert)
Occours when the offender is discovered and is publically exposed and the label of devience is attached
23 of 31
Bad Area
(Cicourel)
Areas where delinquents were more likely to be arrested and charged as offenders

Areas with low income and poor occupations
24 of 31
Moral Panic
(Hall)
An exaggerated outbust in society that causes others to panic about the moral behaviour of groups in society
25 of 31
'Black Muggar'
(Hall)
There is no actual definition of a muggar

The black mugger was used to describe a person describe a moral panic over black criminallity
26 of 31
Ideological Functions of Crime
(Pearce)
Laws can benefit the working class - Health and Safety laws/minimum wage

Creates False Class Conciousness
27 of 31
Ration Choice Theory
(Wilson)
People weigh up wheter it is worth making a crime and look at the rewards verses the punishment.
28 of 31
Broken Windows Theory
(Wilson)
An area maintaining an apperance to uphold law and order

Example: A run down area will have more crime as less police presents, than a place with lots of police presents
29 of 31
The Square of Crime
(Lea and Young)
Used to explain why crime occours

looks at the inter-relationships between the four elements:

State, informed social control, the offender, the victim
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Edgework
(Katz and Lyng)
People are seduced to crime as it gives them a thrill to commit it

People get a thrill from engaing in criminal and deviant behaviour / being on the edge of acceptable behaviour
31 of 31

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Deviant behaviour demonstrates changing attitudes towards the population

Back

Adaptaion to change
(Durkheim)

Card 3

Front

Consensus means you can achive your goals through approved norms

Inequality has caused people to not beable to achieve the goals through appropriate means

Leads to the 5 adaptiaions

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Normlessness

- might lead to crime

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Conformity

Innovation

Ritualism

Retreatism

Rebellion

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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