Math technique to investigate an association between (multiple separate) co-variables - plotted on scatter-graph.
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Positive Correlation
As one co-variable increases, so does the other.
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Negative Correlation
As one co-variable increases, the other decreases.
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Zero Correlation
When there is not relationship between the co-variables.
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ADV - Correlations
Relatively quick and economical. Useful preliminary tool. provides precise and quantifiable measure of relation between variables. Suggests ideas for future research.
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DISADV - Correlations
Cannot demonstrate cause and effect. Third variable problem may arise. Can be misused or misinterpreted, e.g. being used as causal "facts" in media.
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Difference between correlations and experiments
Experiment - Researcher manipulates IV deliberately and measures effect on DV. Correlation - No manipulation = not possible to establish cause and effect because of (other) "intervening variables".
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