Component 1 - Computer Science - Flashcards in Fun Fun

CIR -

Current Instruction Register / Stores the Instructions currently being used by the CPU

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MAR -

Memory Address Register / Stores the memory location of where data is read from or written to

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Accumulator -

Register for storing the output of a mathematical process from the ALU

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PC -

Program Counter / Stores the next instruction to be processed by the CPU

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Data Bus -

Transfers data between the CPU and RAM in both directions

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Address Bus -

Transfers data From CPU to RAM / Carries the memory address for the next instruction

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Control Bus -

Carries information and commands from the CPU to other components

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Contents of a Packet -

Source Address / Destination Address / Reassembly data / Tracking / Data itself / Checksum

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Application Layer -

Provides interfaces to the software to allow the user to use the network

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Transport Layer -

Responsible for making sure that data is transferred without errors and reliably

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Network Layer -

Responsible for the ADDRESSING and ROUTING of data

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Data Link Layer -

Sends the data from the Network layer to the Physical layer

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Physical Layer -

Transports the raw Data itself

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Bitmap Graphics / Raster Images -

Made of individual pixels to make up the full image / The larger the Image, the more pixels / Cannot be scaled without loss of quality (Pixelation) / E.G. Photo

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Vector Images -

Computer generated objects are used to make an image / Can be enlarged without a loss of quality / Take up less storage space

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Common Sample rate for Music -

44,100 samples per second

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Record -

A collection of related items / Consists of fields / Can store different data types /

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Array -

An array holds data so that it can be found individually or accessed consecutively / Each data point can be accessed with references - A(1,3) / Static data structure

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Utility Software -

Virus Scanners / Task managers / Firewall / Defragmentation / Compression / System management / Disk scanning

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Virus Scanners -

Scan and monitor a computer system by checking for anomalies and detecting potential threats

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Firewall -

Monitors data traffic coming in to and out of a computer

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Defragmentation -

Software rearranges data on a storage device to make it more efficient

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System Monitoring -

Allows the tracking of users and reporting the applications used by the user on the computer system

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IDE -

Integrated Development Environment / Acts as a tool for programmers to use to aid the development of software

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Editor -

Allows programmers to edit and add to code that is written as a high level programming language

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Compiler -

Converts source code into machine code all at once and returns all errors at the end / A code only needs to be compiled once

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Interpreter -

Converts line by line of source code into machine code and executes it as it runs / Always requires a interpreter

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Linker -

Allows previously compiled parts of code to be linked together

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Loader -

Loads previously compiled code into the RAM

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Debugger -

Helps to track errors in a code

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The Process of Compilation -

Lexical Analysis / Syntax Analysis / Semantic Analysis / Code Generation / Optimisation

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Assembly Language -

Uses Mnemonics for machine code instructions / Difficult to develop and test / Needs a lot of instructions

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Syntax Analysis -

Each statement is checked for spelling, grammar and to make sure the code makes sense

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Semantic Analysis -

Checking that the meaning of statements is consistent with the rules of the compiler / Making sure all variables are declaired

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Lexical Analysis -

Comments and spaces removed / All key parts of the code replaced with tokens

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Code generation -

Converting into machine code

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Computer Misuse Act 1990 -

It is illegal to: Access files without permission / Gain access to files to use for a criminal purpose / Change or delete files without permission / Prevents fraud and blackmail

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Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 -

It is illegal to intercept phone calls, letters and communications without permission / The government are allowed access to certain information about criminals etc

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Freedom of Information Act 2000 -

Members of the public can request information from public authorities

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Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 -

It is illegal to copy or use someone else's data in certain ways if they have copyrighted it

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Data Protection Act 1998 -

Data kept must only be used as stated and edited or deleted if no longer needed

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ROM (Read Only Memory) -

Used for permanent storage of data / Non volatile / Stores the computers firmware

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Flash Memory -

Permanently stores data / Can be rewritten / Non volatile

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Magnetic Disk Drive / HDD -

Relatively fast / Not durable - moving parts / Not portable / Good for permanent storage / large storage space

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SSD -

Good storage capacity / Durable due to no moving parts / Fast access speeds / Very portable

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Optical Storage -

Used for multimedia files / Durable / Portable / Fast / Smaller storage capacity

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High level Programming Languages -

Easier to use and understand / Built in functions and commands / Similar to natural language / Can be run on different platforms / Python , Java etc

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Low Level Programming Languages -

Machine oriented / Executed faster / Occupies far less memory / Written in Binary / Direct interaction with the computer hardware

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Optimisation -

Reducing the execution time of the code

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Virus -

Attaches itself to a file and causes harm and damage when opened

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Spyware -

Hidden malware that takes and stores data from the computer system

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Trojan -

It appears to be useful software but gives the attacker a backdoor entrance into the computer system

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Worm -

It is a malware that requires no interaction by a human to spread

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Preventing Malware - Methods

Anti-Virus software / Firewalls / Updates and Patches / Avoiding AD’s and Dodgy Emails

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SQL Injection -

It can manipulate databases and trick websites into giving unauthorised access

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DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) -

It will overload a website with requests causing high network traffic causing the site to possible go down

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Password based attack -

Dictionary: uses every word to guess password / Brute force: Tries every combination

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IP spoofing -

It changes the source address of packet data to make it seem like it came from a reliable source

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Human weakness -

Uses social engineering or other methods that require human mistake to avoid security

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Phishing -

A method used to gain private or confidential data by pretending to be an official organisation

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Footprinting -

Gathering public information on a source to make it easier to breech its system

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Cookies -

Small pieces of data generated by a website and stored by the browser

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Router -

Forwards packets of data along a network / Determines the best path for packets

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Hub -

Receives packets and send them to all connected hardware components in a network

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Switch -

Filters and forwards packets to their intended destination

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Bridge -

A bridge connects a LAN to a LAN

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Gateway -

A gateway connects a LAN to a WAN

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Get Revising

Component 1 - Computer Science

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

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Card 4

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Back

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