What piece of secondary legislation contains the modernisation regulation?
Regulation 1/2003
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Article 101(1) TFEU prohibits...
Anti-Competitive behaviour between undertakings
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'Concerted practice' was first considered in...
Dyestuffs
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A vertical agreement is...
an agreement between undertakings operating at different levels of the production/distribution chain
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The 'de minimis' agreement...
is an agreement that has no appreciable affect on competition
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What effect did the 'Modernisation' Regulation have?
Regulation 1/2003 represented an overhaul of competition rules in the EU, and abolished the system of notifications and provided the power for NCA's to enforce Article 101 and 102 at national level
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Which Regulation contains the vertical restraints block exemptions?
Regulation 330/2010
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Breaches of Article 101 and 102 can result in...
fines of 10% of total or world turnover, orders for future conduct, and sanctions such as damages, imprisonment and disqualification from acting as a director
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An anti-competitive agreement or arrangement is...
one that may affect trade in the EU or a substantial part of the EU or within the UK
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Anti-competitive business threatens the...
internal market, harms consumers and SME's and reduces business efficiency
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Prohibitions of anti-competitive behaviour include...
fixing prices or trading conditions, limiting or controlling production, markets, development or investment, sharing markets or sources of supply etc.
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If an agreement falls within Article 101 or Chapter 1, the agreement is...
void and unenforceable
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The three examples of block exemptions include...
vertical agreements, technology transfer agreements, horizontal co-operation agreements
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Which European Commission notice, outlined which agreements will fall within the 'de minimis' exeception?
Notice on Agreements of Minor Importance
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Article 102 prohibits...
abuses of dominant positions within the internal market
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'Dominance' was defined in...
United Brands
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Product substitutability is key in identifying the...
relevant product market
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Demand substitutability concerns...
consumer behaviour
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Cross-elasticity of demand shows that...
the consumer would be willing and able to substitute this product for another
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Supply substitutability concerns...
would the consumer be willing and able to substitute this product for another
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'An area where the objective conditions of competition applying to the product in question are the same for all traders', defines what market?
Geographic
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What is the primary indicator of dominance in the relevant market?
Market share
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In Hoffmann-La Roche, the Court of Justice said that...
large market shares held for some time are evidence of a dominant position
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'Vertical integration' concerns...
the degree of control at different levels of the market
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Predatory pricing is...
an anti-competitive abuse
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A dominant postions, an abuse, and an effect on trade between Member States, is a...
breach of Article 102 TFEU
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What piece of secondary legislation contains the modernisation regulation?
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