Communication and homeostasis exam Q&A's

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  • Created by: Emily.T
  • Created on: 04-02-18 20:29
State where the core body temperature is monitored:
(thermoregulatory centre in) hypothalamus
1 of 19
Name the type of sensory cell in the skin that detects changes in environmental temperature
thermoreceptor
2 of 19
Name the corrective homeostatic mechanism that works to restore any changes in body temperature to the normal range
Negative feedback / thermoregulation
3 of 19
What are the responses that conserve heat?
Contraction of erector pilli muslces - curling up - vasoconstriction of arterioles near to skin surface
4 of 19
What ate the responses to cool the body?
Sweating - finding shade
5 of 19
What is a physiological response that generates heat?
Shivering
6 of 19
A behavioural response to a decrease in environmental temperature?
Curling up
7 of 19
Explain how each of the following adaptations help the animal to control its body temperature: Elephants have large, thin ears that they move backwards and forwards when hot
large surface area (to lose heat); (thin) so blood flows / (named) blood vessel are close to the (skin) surface (to lose heat); (movement) increases air movement over skin / surface (to lose heat);
8 of 19
Explain how each of the following adaptations help the animal to control its body temperature: Penguins have shunt vessels link arterioles carrying blood towards their feet with small veins that carry blood away from their feet
Blood loses less heat because less blood flows to feet / warm blood diverted from arterioles to veins
9 of 19
State the correct term for communication between cells:
Cell signalling
10 of 19
Explain what is meant by the term 'homeostasis':
1. Idea of maintaining (relatively) stable internal environment / state; 2. within (narrow) limits / within (narrow) range / about a set point; 3. even though environment is changing
11 of 19
Describe how negative feedback is used to control blood glucose concentration: 1-5
1) b cells/a cells/receptors detect change/increased/decreased in blod gl conc 2) if higher gl conc b cells release insulin 3) increased uptake of gl by muscle cells 4) enters through gl transport proteins 5) gl converted to glycogen - glycogenesis
12 of 19
Describe how negative feedback is used to control blood glucose concentration: 6-9
6) increased use of gl in respiration/ATP production 7) if lower gl conc a cells release glucagon 8) increased conversion of glycogen to gl- glycogenolysis 9) increased conversion of other compounds to gl - gluconeogensis (a.a/lipids)
13 of 19
Describe how negative feedback is used to control blood glucose concentration: 10
10) glucose leaves cells by facilitated diffusion / through glucose channels
14 of 19
Describe and explain the role of ATP in the cell: 1-3
1) transfers energy/energy ‘currency’/releases energy/universal energy molecule/energy intermediate/(immediate) source of energy; 2) phosphate(s) can be removed by hydrolysis 3) to release/provide 30kJ (mol-1) energy;
15 of 19
Describe and explain the role of ATP in the cell: 4-6
4) (energy released for) metabolism/ (Active transport/muscle contraction/glycolysis); 5) ADP can attach a phosphate (forming ATP) during respiration/photosynthesis; 6) energy released in small ‘packets’ (to prevent cell damage)/suitable quantity
16 of 19
Describe the way in which an endothermic animal, such as a mammal, normally prevents its body temperature from decreasing when the external temperature decreases: 1-3
1) peripheral/skin thermoreceptors/(heat) receptors stimulated (by decrease in external temp); 2) (impulses sent to/blood temperature monitored in) hypothalamus; 3) vasoconstriction of arterioles/small arteries to reduce heat loss;
17 of 19
Describe the way in which an endothermic animal, such as a mammal, normally prevents its body temperature from decreasing when the external temperature decreases: 4-7
4) (prevents heat loss by) radiation/conduction/convection; 5) increased metabolic rate/metabolism/respiration to generate heat (energy); 6) (release of) adrenaline/thyroxine; 7) shivering/(involuntary) muscle spasms to generate heat (energy);
18 of 19
Describe the way in which an endothermic animal, such as a mammal, normally prevents its body temperature from decreasing when the external temperature decreases: 8
8) erector/hair muscles raise (skin) hair/fur to trap air/heat
19 of 19

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name the type of sensory cell in the skin that detects changes in environmental temperature

Back

thermoreceptor

Card 3

Front

Name the corrective homeostatic mechanism that works to restore any changes in body temperature to the normal range

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the responses that conserve heat?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What ate the responses to cool the body?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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