Coastal Features

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Y W K J T U F A A O S P B R L T G U U H K
A T X A C O R R O S I O N S H L U R W G E
K P F M O F I F A F A M K N K D M S L U I
B I O L O G I C A L W E A T H E R I N G K
T A O W G X S V E Q U T Q E V H S I A I C
C G H I D G X Y D I X T U S X I R X B P E
Q Q H P A H U E B O T L P U V B H J S J E
P N T N M V T X G R Q D C H G M D J I X X
P R O E Y W O I B Y J R W A Y B Y G I C W
P N J V J B L N L L W D U J V E L A K J E
M E C H A N I C A L F R E E Z E T H A W U
M U P G H Y D R A U L I C A C T I O N R X
R S E A G F D E S T R U C T I V E W T C Q
M G Y S P R G E D C T L E B G W P S Y G F
S L I D I N G M A S S M O V E M E N T U L
A T T R I T I O N M W T Y B H S A H C A G
E E B S S H O V B S P R I N G T I D E L A
H O N S X M T N A C H E M I C A L G K L M
V O D P F A C O S T R U C T I V E O Q S U
A O A F B K C T J C T X I B T M U J I B F
Q T R P A J J B W Q H Q D G H C L L G C L

Clues

  • Chemical action of sea water. (9)
  • Cold climates, freezing and thawing of water takes place in cracks or holes. When the ice melts, water seeps deeper and eventually rock breaks off. In warmer climates, as water dries, crystals of salt form. When expanded, they break the rock. (10, 6, 4)
  • Large amounts of soil and rock move down slopes rapidly. (7, 4, 8)
  • Materials carried by the waves bump into each other and are smoothed and broken down into smaller particles. (9)
  • Occur when the moon (either new or full), the sun and the Earth are aligned. Their collected gravitational pull on the Earth's water is strengthened. (6, 4)
  • Rain water is slightly acidic. When rain falls, a chemical reaction occurs, causing the rock to weaken and break down when it's dissolved. (8)
  • Roots of growing plants can widen cracks in cliff rocks. Burrowing animals and nesting birds on cliff faces can also cause weakening of cliffs. (10, 10)
  • The force of water against the coast. (9, 6)
  • The strong swash and a weak backwash means the waves deposit more material on a beach than they remove. (11)
  • The weak swash but powerful backwash means more material is removed than deposited. (11)

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