volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction
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Cardiac output
volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles per minute Stroke volume times heart rate
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Venous return
Volume of blood returning to the heart via the veins if venous return increases so does stroke volume
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What is starlings law?
Increased venous return fillings of the heart stretched
greater diastolic cardiac muscle more force of contraction increased ejection fraction
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Cardiac output equals
stroke volume times heart rate
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Elasticity of cardiac fibres
the degree of stretch of cardiac tissues during the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle
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if HR or SV increase what else will increase?
cardiac output
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systolic pressure
pressure in the arteries when the ventricles contract
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diastolic pressure
pressure in the arteries when the ventricles relax
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what is the order of blood vessels?
arteries arterioles capillaries Venus veins
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structure of capillaries
one cell thick single layer of endothelium cells
only wide enough for one single blood cell
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Structure of veins
larger lumen,fibrus layer,smooth inner layer
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Structure of arteries/arterioles
smooth inner layer, thick muscular wall, small lumen
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Function of the arteries
carries deoxygenated and oxygenated blood out of the heart
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Function of veins
carry blood to the heart helps assist venous return
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Function of capilleries
surrounds muscles gaseous exchange (alveoli)
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Pulmonary circulation
deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart
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Systemic circulation
Oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
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starlings law
increased venous return filling of the heart stretched increase ejection fraction more force of contraction cardiac muscle gets bigger greater diastolic
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Realationships(systolic pressure and venus return)
if systolic pressure increases so does venous return if systolic pressure decreases so does venous return
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when ventricles contract
systolic blood pressure
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Skeletal muscle pump
Muscles compress on nearby veins as they change shape when they contract and relax creating a pumping effect squeezing the blood along to veins to the heart
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Respiratory muscle pump
When breathing in and out pressure changes in the thoracic and abdominal cavities compressing nearby veins and pushing the blood back towards the heart
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Pocket Valves
Once blood has passed through the valves they close and prevent backflow ensuring the blood moves in direction towards the heart
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Pressure gradient equals
venous pressure(right atrial pressure)
divided by venous vascular resistance
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How is blood pressure measured?
at the brachial artery in the upper arm using a sphygmomanometer
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Stroke volume
Back
volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction
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