Clinical Examination - Cardiovascular System (III)

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  • Created by: Eltanova
  • Created on: 06-10-20 15:59

1. Which of the following is not true about Jaundice?

  • Bilirubin serum concentration rises above 3 milligrams per decilitre
  • Reduction of circulating oxyhaemoglobin in the dermal and subconjunctival capillaries, or from the vasoconstriction due to cold exposure or sympathetic activation
  • Bilirubin serum concentration rises above 50 micromoles per litre
  • Abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera and mucous membranes
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2. Where would you hear pulmonary value sounds?

  • 2nd left intercostal space
  • 4th left intercostal space
  • 5th left intercostal space midclavicular line
  • 2nd right intercostal space

3. Which of the following are untrue regarding the causes of cyanosis?

  • Gastrointestinal and nervous system diseases
  • Cold exposure
  • Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases
  • Low cardiac output, arterial disease, venous stasis or obstruction
  • Polycythaemia

4. Why is it said that upon inspiration, s2 sounds are 'split' (also known as the physiological splitting of S2)?

  • The split refers to a murmur in the atrioventricular valves, indicative of a defect, as normally the valves close simultaneously during inspiration
  • Pulmonary valve closure heard after aortic valve closure, as the right ventricle takes longer to squeeze the extra blood out
  • S2 sounds do not split. This happens in S1 heart sounds due to diaphragm negative pressure during inspiration
  • Pulmonary valve closure heard after valve tricuspid closure, as the left ventricle takes longer to squeeze the extra blood out

5. Why would you consider getting the apical pulse?

  • Carotid pulse is irregular
  • For heart sounds
  • Radial pulse is irregular
  • For breath sounds

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