alkaline phosphatase. increases with billary damage. normal is 30-150 u/l. high in liver disease,pregnancy, bone disease
1 of 8
what are the two aminotranferase tests, describe them and significance
1. ast- asparate. normal is 10-50u/l. found widely. 2. alt- alanine. normal 10-40 u/l. more specific to liver. intracellular hepatocyte enzymes, their presense in the blood shows damgae to hepatocytes
2 of 8
describe ggt as lft
gamma glutamyl transfarase. less than 60 u/l is normal.sensitive indicator of hepatobillary disease, espcially with raised ap. elevated with ald
3 of 8
describe albumin as a lft
35-50g/l is normal, produced by liver so measures hepatic functional activity. has long half life so high levels show chronic issue, while low levels show acute problem
4 of 8
describe inr as lft
measures clotting factors as produced by liver,greater than 1.2 is normal. marker of hepatocellular damage
5 of 8
describe metabolsim of bilirubin
1. hemolysis occurs in blood to produce unsolible unconjugated bilirubin, which attaches to albumin and passes to hepatocyte. 2. conjugated to glucaronic acid which is soluble, then passes into billary system 3. psses to small instest where bacteria conve
6 of 8
what are the clinical manifestations of increased bilirubin
jaundice, pale stools, dark urine, spider naevi, oesphagel varacies
7 of 8
what does high conjugated bilirubin levels cause
block bile flow
8 of 8
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Card 2
Front
what are the two aminotranferase tests, describe them and significance
Back
1. ast- asparate. normal is 10-50u/l. found widely. 2. alt- alanine. normal 10-40 u/l. more specific to liver. intracellular hepatocyte enzymes, their presense in the blood shows damgae to hepatocytes
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