Class differences in education - Sociology

Brief set of flash cards which covers what the main sociologists argue in terms of class differences in achievement, as well as some evaluation points.

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Basil Bernstein (1975)
The working class use a restricted code, the middle-class use an elaborated code
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Feinstein (2008)
Parents' education is the most important factor affecting children's achievement (parenting style, parents' educational behaviours, language, use of income)
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Sugarman (1970)
Aspects of w/c culture that causes underachievement: immediate gratification, collectivism and fatalism
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Cultural theorists evaluation
w/c parents don't go to parents evenings because they work long hours, it ignores importance of material factors, ignores impact of school factors, victim blaming (seeing m/c culture as superior)
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Bourdieu (1984)
m/c pupils are more successful because their parents possess more educational, cultural and economic capital
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Material theorists evaluation
Not all poor children fail, supportive parents may have high levels of motivation, ignores internal factors
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Becker (1961)
Teachers label m/c pupils as 'ideal pupils' and prefer to teach them rather than w/c children
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Jacobson and Rosenthal
Self-fulfilling prophecy (can be used to back up Becker)
8 of 13
Douglas
The IQ of pupils labelled as less able and placed into the bottom stream, actually fell over time whereas that of pupils put in the top stream increased. (those in lower streams may be denied the same curriculum - e.g foundation tier)
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Lacey
Lower-stream pupils form/join anti-school subcultures as school labels them as failures, can create their own status heirarchy, gaining status from school deviance
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Archer (2010)
Class identities and underachievement: Habtitus, symbolic capital and symbolic violence, 'Nike' identities (branded goods, alternative class identities), succeeding at school means 'loosing yourself'
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Ingram (2009)
'fitting in' as a problem for w/c grammer school boys. They expeirenced a tension between habitus of their school & neighbourhood
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Evans (2009)
successful w/c girls don't think they'll fit in w/ habitus of elite unis, remain at home instead
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Parents' education is the most important factor affecting children's achievement (parenting style, parents' educational behaviours, language, use of income)

Back

Feinstein (2008)

Card 3

Front

Aspects of w/c culture that causes underachievement: immediate gratification, collectivism and fatalism

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

w/c parents don't go to parents evenings because they work long hours, it ignores importance of material factors, ignores impact of school factors, victim blaming (seeing m/c culture as superior)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

m/c pupils are more successful because their parents possess more educational, cultural and economic capital

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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