Circulatory System

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What is a blood vessel?
A tube-like structure that carries blood through the tissues and organs
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What are the three blood vessels?
A vein, an artery and a capillary
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What do arteries do?
Arteries transport blood away from the heart to the organs. They all carry oxygenated (contains oxygen) blood (apart from the pulmonary artery).
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Name two ways the artery has adapted its structure to perform its function
1 They have thick muscle walls to withstand the high blood pressure 2 The walls have elastic fibres so they can stretch out
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What do capillaries look like?
They are smaller than arteries and capillaries have thin walls and pass very close to the body cells
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What do capillaries transport?
They transport food and oxygen out of the blood and into the cells and in capillaries, waste products move out of cells into the blood.
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T/F capillaries branch out from veins
False, they branch out from arteries
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When do veins form?
When capillaries join up after passing through the body
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What do capillaries transport?
They transport deoxygenated (contains no oxygen) blood (apart from the pulmonary vein) from the organs back to the heart.
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In what three ways or veins different to arteries?
In veins the walls are thinner than in arteries because the blood pressure is lower, veins have a wider cross section and veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
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Which is the only type of vein that carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary vein
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Why do veins have valves?
To stop the backflow of blood
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What does pulmonary mean?
Anything related to the lungs
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What does the pulmonary vein transport?
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
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What does the pulmonary artery transport?
de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
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What is the heart?
The muscular organ that pumps blood around the body
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How many chamber does the heart have?
Four chambers
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What are the names of all the hearts chambers?
The left and right atria and the left and right ventricles
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Where is the left atrium shown on diagrams?
On the right side of the heart, even though its actually on the left side
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What else is in the heart?
A pacemaker which regulates the heart beat and a valve which stops the backflow of blood
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What happens when the heart pumps?
The blood enters through the atria, then once filled with blood the atria contracts and forces the blood into the ventricle, then the ventricle contracts and forces the blood out of the heart.
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Why might someone be fitted with an artificial pacemaker?
If someone has an irregular heart beat, the artificial pacemaker can regulate the heart beat again
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What is the vena cava?
It is a vein that sends deoxygenated blood through the body to the heart
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What is the aorta?
Its a vein that pumps oxygenated blood out of the heart
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What do coronary arteries do?
The heart muscle is supplied with oxygenated blood through these arteries.
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Where is the blood forced after the atria are filled with blood and contract?
The ventricles
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What are the three key circulatory components of the circulation system?
The blood vessels, the blood and the heart
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Why is the circulation system called the double circulatory system?
Because the blood passes through the heart twice
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What happens during the circulation system?
1 The deoxygenated blood enters the heart 2 The blood is pumped out of the heart towards the lungs 3 The lungs oxygenate the deoxygenated blood 4 the blood returns to the heart 5 The blood is pumped to the body 6 The blood returns to the heart
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How does alveoli help the oxygenation of blood?
They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, allowing for oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged between the blood in the capillaries and the air in the lungs.
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Explain how the pathway of oxygen into the blood helps oxygenate it
Air is breathed into the lungs through the trachea (windpipe). The trachea divides into two tubes called the bronchi. The bronchi divide to form bronchioles. The bronchioles divide until they end up in tiny air sacs called alveoli.
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What is the trachea?
Air is breathed into the lungs via the trachea. The trachea then divides into two tubes called the bronchi
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What is alveoli?
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the air and blood by diffusion in the alveoli.
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What are two ways in which the alveoli is adapted to its function?
It has a large surface area and it is surrounded by capillaries so it has a rich oxygen supply and has a short space to diffuse the gases
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Which gases move in the air during diffusion in alveoli?
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
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What happens in the alveoli?
Deoxygenated blood arrives into the alveolus. In the alveolus, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood in the capillaries and the air in the lungs. Oxygenated blood leaves the alveolus.
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What would happen if blood didn't pass through the heart twice per circuit?
Blood would either not be oxygenated or not be pumped around the body.
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What fluid is blood made up of?
Plasma
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What three things do plasma contain?
Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
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What is blood plasma?
A tissue
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What do blood platelets do?
Platelets are responsible for triggering blood clotting and stopping you from bleeding out
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What thing found in most cells isn't found in platelets?
A nucleus
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What do red blood cells transport and where do they transport it?
They transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
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In what four ways have red blood cells adapted to there function?
They contain haemoglobin, they are small, they don't contain a nucleus and its got a biconcave shape.
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How does haemoglobin help red blood cells perform their function?
It binds with the oxygen in the lungs so it can carry it around the body and be released in all the cells for respiration
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How does red blood cells being small help them perform their function?
So they can pass through tiny capillaries
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How does red blood cells having a biconcave shape help them perform their function?
This biconcave shape creates a large surface area and allows for the rapid diffusion of oxygen.
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How does a red blood cell having no nucleus help it perform its function?
It frees up more room for haemoglobin and maximises the amount of oxygen it can hold.
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How can white blood cells help destroy infection?
White blood cells can change shape. This allows them to squeeze through the walls of blood vessels into body tissues and to engulf harmful microorganisms.
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T/F White blood cells don't have a nucleus
False
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What do white blood cells do?
Defend against infection
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the three blood vessels?

Back

A vein, an artery and a capillary

Card 3

Front

What do arteries do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name two ways the artery has adapted its structure to perform its function

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What do capillaries look like?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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