Childhood

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Jane Pilcher
the most important feature of the modern idea of childhood is separateness. Childhood is seen as a clear and distinct life stage with different staus to an adult.
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Ruth Benedict
children in simpler, non-industria; societies are generally treated differently from their modern western counterparts in 3 ways:
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1.they take resposibility at an early age- Punch
Bolivia- found once children are about 5 they are expected to take work resposibilities.
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1. Holmes
Samoan village found 'too young' was never given as a reason for not permitting a child to do a particular task.
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2. less value is placed on children showing obedience to adult authority- Firth
found that among the Tikopia of western pacfic oing as you are told by a grown-up s regarded as a concession tobe granted by the child, not a right expected by the adult.
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3.children's sexual behaviour is oftern viewed differenlty- Malinowski
found that adults took an attitude of tolerance and amused interest towards childrens sexual exploitation and activities by the Trobriand islanders
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Philippe Aries
in the middle ages the idea of 'childhood' did not exist, children were 'mini-dults' with the same rights, duties and skills as adults.
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Shorter (supports Aries)
high death rate encouraged indifference and neglect especially towards infancts.
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Linda Pollock (critices ries)
it is more correct to say that in he middle ages society had a different notion of childhood from today.
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Aries and Shorter = march of progress
todays children are more valued, better cared for, protected and educated, enjoy better health and have more rights then those in pevious generations.
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Hillman - gender differences between children
boys are morelikely to be allowed to cross the road on their own, get a bus and go out in the dark.
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Jens Bonke- gender differences between children
girls do more domestic labour especially in lone parent families where they are 5x more likely to do it then boys.
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Julia Brannen - ethnic differences between children
study of 15-16 year olds found Asian parents aremore likely to be strict towards their daughters.
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Bhatti - ethnic differences between children
found that ideas of Izzat (family hounour) could be a restriction especially on the behaviour of girls.
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Caroline Woodroffe - class difference between children
children of unskilled manual workers are 3x more likely to suffer form hyperactivity and 4x more likely to experiecne conduct disorders then the children of professionals.
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Howard - class differences between children
children born onto poor families are also more likely to die in infancy or childhood, to suffer longstanding ilneses, to be sorter in height, fall behind in schooland to be placed on the child protection register.
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Firestone and Holt
many things seen positively by march of progress writters such as protection is actually a orm of oppresion and control.
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Hillman- contol over children space
in 1971 80% of children 7-8 could go to school without supervision,1990 it fell to 9%
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Katz - criticse control over childrens space.
rural Sundanese children roam freely both within the village and for several kilometers outdie it.
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Iona Opie (crticises Postman)
childhood is not disapearing, research into children's games, rhymes, songs conducted with her husband. She argues there is strong evidence of a seperate hildrens culture for many years.
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Sue Plamer- toxic childgood
rapid technological and cultural chnages has damaged childrens physial, emotrional and intellectual develpoment. Eg computer games, junk food
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Margo and Dixon
UK youth are at the top of leauge tables for obesity, self-harm, alcohol abuse, violence, ealry sexual experiences and teenage pregnancies.
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Qvortrup
the number of people who are parents with dependent children falls, fewer voices calling for the resources. This may make childhood more isolating due to smaller family sizes.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

children in simpler, non-industria; societies are generally treated differently from their modern western counterparts in 3 ways:

Back

Ruth Benedict

Card 3

Front

Bolivia- found once children are about 5 they are expected to take work resposibilities.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Samoan village found 'too young' was never given as a reason for not permitting a child to do a particular task.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

found that among the Tikopia of western pacfic oing as you are told by a grown-up s regarded as a concession tobe granted by the child, not a right expected by the adult.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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