Childhood can be argued to be a privileged time as they have laws protecting them and have all needs met to them in particular there are special arrangements for children through institutions that provide unique caring experiences
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How are Children typically seen?
- Physically and psychologically immature
- Not competent to run their own lives
- Lacking in key skills, knowledge and experience to survive in modern society.
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What are the 2 features of Modern Childhood?
Separateness and The 'Golden Age' of Happiness and Innocence.
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Pilcher's Opinion on Separatness?
Children are distinctly separate firm adults, it’s a clear life stage. Children in society occupy a separate status
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Pilcher's Opinion on The 'Golden Age' of Happiness and Innocence?
This innocence means that children are seen as vulnerable and need protection from the dangers of the adult world.
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Benedict's (1934) 3 distinct differences between modern ‘western’ children from non-industrial societies?
- Earlier Responsibility (Holmes – Samoa)
- Less Obedience to Adult Authority (Firth – Tikopia)
- Sexual Behaviour (Malinowski – Trobriand Islands
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The Criticisms of Aries?
- Aries was criticised for assuming there was no childhood within medieval times, instead the conception of childhood was different (Pollock, 1983)
- Aries based his conclusions on a small sample of untypical French aristocratic families.
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Causes of Child-Centredness?
- Families have gotten smaller which means there is more individual care and attention which increases affluence more money is spent on activities that enrich the child’s experience.
- Working week had shortened being reduced from 70-80 hours to 43 hours
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Reasons for Children's Change in Position?
- Law restricting child labour and excluding children from paid work
- The introduction of compulsory schooling
- Child protection and welfare legislation
- The growth of the idea of children’s rights
- Declining in family size and lower infant mortality
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The March of Progress's View?
- The position of children has improved
- Paints a dark picture of the past
- Children have a better chance of survival than they did in the past.
- Parents invest more in children, financially and emotionally.
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What is Toxic Childhood?
It damages children’s physical, emotional and intellectual development
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What Causes Toxic Childhood?
(Sue Palmer 2007, 2010)
Junk Food, Computer games, intensive marketing to children, long hours worked by parents and growing emphasis on testing in education
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The Conflict View?
Argue that the march of progress view of modern childhood is a false and idealised image that ignores important inequalities. They criticise MOP view by saying that there are inequalities among children, there are inequalities between children and adults
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What is Age Patriarchy?
(Diana Gittins 1998)
- Term to describe inequalities between adults and children.
- Age patriarchy describes adult domination and child dependency
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What is 'Acting Up'?
Acting like adults; Drinking, smoking, swearing.
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What is 'Acting Down'?
Behaving in ways expected of younger children and this is a popular way to resist adult control
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What is Postman's argument of the Disappearance of Childhood?
Argued that lines that used to exist which separated adult and child has become less visible
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What is Information Hierarchy?
Argues childhood was created when printed word came about as adults were able to read and children weren’t which creates a division.
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Criticisms of The Disappearance of Childhood?
- Iona Opie (1993) argues that childhood isn’t disappearing and that children still have their own culture, games, songs, jokes
– Jenks (2005) argues childhood isn’t disappearing it’s changing.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How is Childhood seen as in Contemporary Britain?
Back
Childhood can be argued to be a privileged time as they have laws protecting them and have all needs met to them in particular there are special arrangements for children through institutions that provide unique caring experiences
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