chemistry definitions qs
0.0 / 5
- Created by: wills007
- Created on: 23-04-14 12:52
dynamic equilibruim
closed system, concentrations of reactants and products are constant, forwards and backwards reactions are equal
1 of 35
activation enthalpy
minimum energy needed to produce successful collision
2 of 35
radical
species with an unpaired electron
3 of 35
high atom economy means...
less waste products
4 of 35
the more electrons present in a molecule/atom the more...
instantaneous dipole - induced dipole attraction is present
5 of 35
oxidation
is reducing agent it gives electrons to another substance and becomes oxidised
6 of 35
OIL RIG
Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gained
7 of 35
reduction
is an oxidising agent it removes electrons from another substance and becomes reduced
8 of 35
Electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons from within a covalent bond
9 of 35
Halogen displacement
more powerfully oxidising halogen will displace a less powerfully oxidising halogen from a solution of its salt
10 of 35
strength of oxidising agent
1, fluorine (high) 2.chlorine 3.bromine 4.iodine (low)
11 of 35
nucleophilles
chemical species with a lone pair of electrons that are available to form covalent bonds
12 of 35
E - isomer
same groups are across the double bond
13 of 35
Z - isomer
same groups are both above or both below the double bond
14 of 35
Primary alcohols are oxidised to...
aldehydes and then carboxylic acids
15 of 35
secondary alcohols are oxdised to....
ketones
16 of 35
primary alcohol
carbon with OH- attached to only one alkyl group
17 of 35
secondary alcohol
carbon with OH- attached to two alkyl groups
18 of 35
tertiary alcohol
carbon with OH- attached to three alkyl groups
19 of 35
test for double bonds with bromine water
solution will go orange/brown to colourless
20 of 35
how is ozone destroyed?
CFC's broke down by UV radiations which causes chlorine radicals, the free radicals are catalysts, as there react with ozone to form an intermediate and O2.
21 of 35
Initiation
free radicals are produced
22 of 35
Propagation
Free radicals are used up and created in a chain reaction
23 of 35
Termination
Free radicals join to make a stable moleculeHE
24 of 35
Heterolytic fission
two different subsances are formed, +ve cation and -ve anion
25 of 35
homolytic fission
two electrically uncharged radicals are formed
26 of 35
sun's main radiations
Ultra Violet, Infra-Red, Visible Light
27 of 35
concentration - equilibria
increase of concentration of reactant, shifts to the right. increase of concentration of product, shifts to the left. decreasing has the opposite effects
28 of 35
pressure - equilibria
icreasing pressure shifts the equilibrium to the side with fewest gases (reduces the pressure) decreasing the pressure shift the equilibrium to side with most gases (raises the pressure)
29 of 35
temperature - equlilbria
increasing temp (adding heat) equilibrium shifts to endothermic direction. decreasing (removes heat) equilibrium shifts to the exothermic direction.
30 of 35
ROR - increasing concentration
particles closer together more likely to collide with on another therefore more collisions and more chances to react
31 of 35
ROR - increasing pressure
particles closer together, vibrate more causing more collisions and therefore more chances to react
32 of 35
ROR - increasing surface area
larger surface area means there is more chance for the particles reacting, smaller the particle size the larger the surface area the quicker the reaction
33 of 35
ROR - catalyst
lower the activation enthalpy
34 of 35
ROR - increasing temperature
particles gain more energy making them vibrate more cause there to be more collision makes the reaction quicker
35 of 35
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
activation enthalpy
Back
minimum energy needed to produce successful collision
Card 3
Front
radical
Back
Card 4
Front
high atom economy means...
Back
Card 5
Front
the more electrons present in a molecule/atom the more...
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- edexcel gcse dt »
- Computer science at a worse uni or Chemistry at a better uni? »
- Chemistry question organic »
- What is the difference between Macromolecules and Giant Covalent? »
- Best Chemistry textbook to learn from »
- Trek To The End Of Year 13 ❀◕ ‿ ◕❀ »
- carbonyls a level chemistry »
- Study leave »
- A level tests »
- My New Flossophy - gyg - bio chem maths dentistry sanity »
Similar Chemistry resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
4.5 / 5 based on 10 ratings
4.0 / 5 based on 3 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 12 ratings
5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
2.0 / 5 based on 16 ratings
Comments
No comments have yet been made