Which positive metal ions give red colours in a flame?
Lithium and calcium.
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How do you test for positive ions?
Flame tests or adding sodium hydroxide to solutions.
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Which charges of hydroxides are insoluble in water?
2+ and 3+
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Why metal hydroxides form white precipitates?
Aluminium, calcium and magnesium.
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What is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to metal hydroxides?
A precipitate of the metal hydroxide.
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What is the test for carbonate ions?
Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the substance, if it fizzes and the gas produced turns lime water milky the substance contains carbonate ions.
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What is the test for halide ions?
Add dilute nitric acid and then silver nitrate solution. Chloride ions give a white precipitate, bromide ions give a cream precipitate and iodide ions give a yellow precipitate.
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What is the test for sulfate ions?
Add dilute hydrochloric acid and then barium chlorise solution. If white precipitate forms then sulfate ions are present.
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How is a titration carried out?
A pipette is used to measure the volume of alkali that is put into a conical flask. Indicator is then added to the alkali. A burette is filled with acid which is then gradually added to the flask until the solution changes colour.
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What is a qualitative method used for?
To find out if a particular substance is in a sample.
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When is quantitative analysis used?
When we need to know how much of a substance there is in a sample.
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What is a reversible reaction?
When the products of a reaction can react together to make the reactants again.
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What is a closed system?
When no reactants or products can escape.
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What happens when the reaction conditions are changed?
It changes the amounts of products and reactants in the reaction.
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What is produced in the haber process?
Ammonia.
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Explain the haber process.
Nitrogen and hydrogen are purified and mixed together. They are then passed over an iron catalyst at 450*C and a pressure of 200 atmospheres.
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What is ammonia used for?
Fertilisers and other chemicals.
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Why are these conditions chosen for the haber process?
They give a reasonable yield of ammonia as quickly as possible.
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Why don't we use lower temperatures for the haber process to produce a higher yield of ammonia?
Because it would take much longer to be produced.
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Why don't we increase the pressure used in the haber process?
Because it is too expensive.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How do you test for positive ions?
Back
Flame tests or adding sodium hydroxide to solutions.
Card 3
Front
Which charges of hydroxides are insoluble in water?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why metal hydroxides form white precipitates?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is formed when sodium hydroxide is added to metal hydroxides?
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