Water that doesn't form a lather with soap/Water that forms scale on the inside of pipes/Water that contains calcium and magnesium ions.
1 of 9
What is scale?
A furring on the inside of pipes, boilers and kettles that is mostly calcium carbonate.
2 of 9
Name the two types of water hardness.
Temporary hardness and permanent hardness.
3 of 9
How can totally pure water be produced?
By distillation(boiling water and condensing the steam).
4 of 9
Hard water in many areas is caused by dissolved Ca+ ions. Give two disadvantages of living in a hard water area.
Forms scum with soap/Requires more soap for cleaning/Forms scale on heating systems, kettles, ect/May block pipes.
5 of 9
Hard water in many areas is caused by dissolved Ca+ ions. Give two advantages of living in a hard water area.
1.Calcium ions are good for healthy teeth and bones 2.People who live in hard water areas are at less risk of developing heart disease thann people who live in soft water areas.
6 of 9
Hard water can be caused by dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate. Explain how this type of hardness can be removed by boiling.
When heated, the calcium hydrogencarbonate decomposes to form calcium carbonate, which is insoluble.
7 of 9
Give two methods that can be used to remove hardness.
1.Adding sodium carboate/ washing soda. 2.Using an ion exchange column.
8 of 9
The diagram shows how water in some parts of the UK is treated before it reaches people's homes. Describe stage Z in the process.
Filtration to remove solids.
9 of 9
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is scale?
Back
A furring on the inside of pipes, boilers and kettles that is mostly calcium carbonate.
Card 3
Front
Name the two types of water hardness.
Back
Card 4
Front
How can totally pure water be produced?
Back
Card 5
Front
Hard water in many areas is caused by dissolved Ca+ ions. Give two disadvantages of living in a hard water area.
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