Large hydrocarbon molecules can be broken down into smaller molecules by which process?
Cracking.
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What are alkanes?
Alkanes are SATURATED hydrocarbons.
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What are alkenes?
Alkenes are UNSATURATED hydrocarbons.
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How can cracking be done?
One of two ways: By heating a mixture of hydrocarbon vapours and steam to very high temperatures. OR, by passing hydrocarbon vapours over a hot catalyst.
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What does cracking produce?
Cracking produces alkanes and alkenes.
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What is the difference in bonds between alkanes and alkenes?
Alkanes have no double bonds (all single bonds) and alkenes have one double bond between two carbon atoms.
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What does an alkene do to bromine water?
An alkene will react will bromine water turning it from orange to colourless.
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What are plastics made of?
Polymers.
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What are the small molecules called that make up the large molecules called polymers?
Monomers.
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What is the reaction called to make a polymer?
Polymerisation.
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Many polymers are what?
Not biodegradable.
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What are biodegradable plastics?
Biodegradable plastics are plastics that break down when in contact with soil as microorganisms can break them down.
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Why does making plastics with starch granules help with the environment?
Because the starch granules in their structures help the microorganisms break down the plastic.
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How can ethanol be made? (1)
Ethanol can be made by fermenting sugar using enzymes in yeast.
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How can ethanol be made? (2)
Ethanol can be made by hydration of ethene with steam in the presence of a catalyst.
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To make ethanol what does there need to be?
With ethene there needs to be non-renewable crude oil. With fermentation there needs to be renewable plant material.
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