Chemistry 2 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryFirst three topicsGCSEWJEC Created by: Emma TwistCreated on: 13-11-13 20:20 Nucleus Controls what the cell does. Contains instructions to make new cells. 1 of 30 Cell membrane Gives the cell shape and controls what goes in an out of the cell 2 of 30 Cytoplasm Chemical reactions go on inside which keep the cell alive. 3 of 30 Cell wall Covers the cell wall. Made of cellulose which strengthens the cell. 4 of 30 Chloroplasts Contains chlorophyll to trap light energy. 5 of 30 Vacuole Filled with a liquid called cell sap (contains sugar and cell waste) 6 of 30 Plants Tough cellulose walls. Chloroplasts. Large vacuole. Box like shape. Nucleus to the side of the cell. 7 of 30 Animal Don't have cellulose walls. Don't have chloroplasts. Sometimes have a vacuole but no sap. Shape varies. Nucleus in the middle of the cell. 8 of 30 Specialised cells Red blood. Nerve. Muscle. Sperm. Palisade. Xylem. Root. 9 of 30 Red blood cell No nucleus. Increased surface area to take in more oxygen. 10 of 30 Nerve cell Very long to carry impulses. 11 of 30 Muscle cell Long and thin which can contract. 12 of 30 Sperm cell Tail for swimming. Little cytoplasm. 13 of 30 Palisade cell Found in leaves. Chloroplasts for photosynthesis. 14 of 30 Xylem cell Hollow to transport water and nutrients. 15 of 30 Root hair cell Increased surface area. More uptake of water and nutrients. 16 of 30 Other cells Bacteria. Yeast. Algae. Virus'. 17 of 30 Bacterium Cell wall but not made of cellulose. Small vacuole. No nucleus but nuclear movement and loops of DNA. Plasmoids (additional DNA). Ribosomes. 18 of 30 Yeast Produced by budding. Larger than bacteria. Nucleus. Cell membrane. Cell wall. 19 of 30 Algae Photosynthetic tissue. Cell wall. Chloroplasts. Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. 20 of 30 Virus' Parasites. Smallest of all cells. Made of a protein capsule and genetic material. 21 of 30 Stem cells Stem cells are that of which can replace any type of cell. They are not differentiated yet (specialised) 22 of 30 Enzymes Enzymes are biological catalysts which are made by a chain of amino acids 23 of 30 Gene A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein. 24 of 30 Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentration to a lower concentration until they are spread out evenly. 25 of 30 Osmosis Osmosis is the passage of water molecules from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane 26 of 30 Turgidity When a plant cell is put into water, water will enter it using osmosis. 27 of 30 Plasmolysis When a cell is put into a strong sugar solution, water will leave the cell by Osmosis. 28 of 30 Active transport Uptake of particles by cells against a concentration gradient. 29 of 30 The law of limiting factors The factor in the shortest supply that limits the rate of photosynthesis. 30 of 30
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