Chemistry
Bonding and calculations
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- Created by: Toneka
- Created on: 19-05-13 10:07
What is mass number and atomic number?
Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons and atomic number is the number of protons. To get the number of neutrons in an element just subtract the Atomic number from the mass number.
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What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?
Proton 1 neutron 1 and electron is very small
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How are compounds formed?
Compounds are formed when atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined. It's difficult to separate the two original elements out again
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Explain what is meant by the term isotopes
Isotopes are different atomic forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is when atoms lose or gain electrons to form a charged particles called ions. They are then strongly attracted to one another because of their opposite charges
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Why does an atom want to lose or gain electrons ?
To achieve noble gas configuration which is when they have a full outer shell
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What is important about group one and two of the periodic table when it comes to ionic bonding
Group one and two of the periodic table are metals, they want to lose electrons to be positively charges ions. Group one are alkali metals and form ionic compounds with non metals
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What is important about group six and seven of the periodic table when it comes to ionic bonding
Group six and seven are non metals they gain electrons to form negative ions, group seven are halogens and form ionic bonds with alkali metals which leave the halide with a charge on 1-
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What is the formula of ionic compound, give an example using magnesium chloride
The negative charges must balance with the positive charges so the overall charge is zero. Magnesium chloride = Mg2= (+2) cl- = (-1)
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What is covalent bonding
When an atom shares electrons with each other to achieve a fill outer shell
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7 important covalent bonds
Hydrogen, chloride, methane, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, water and oxygen
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Two kinds of covalent substances
Simple molecular substances and giant molecular substances called macromolecules
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What are simple molecular substances properties
Low boiling and melting point strong covalent bong however weak intermolecular forces between molecules cause it to be easily separated. No electrical charge
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What are the properties of macromolecules
High boiling and melting points, strong covalent bonds no charged ions
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Types of macromolecules
Diamond, silicon dioxide ( silica) and graphite
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Describe metallic structures
They have giant structures, the bonds involve delocalised electrons to leave the outer shell of an atom and move through the metal which makes them good conductors of heat and electricity
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What charge is the sea of free electrons and the charge of the atoms and what affect does it have
The sea of free electrons has a negative charge and the atoms are positive causing strong electrostatic attraction between the opposite charges
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Why are metals easily bent into shape
Because they are structured into rows and columns and the layers of atoms are allowed to slide over each other cause them to bend into shape
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What are alloys and why are they harder than pure metals
They are mixture of two or more metals and because they are different sized atoms they layers become distorted so are harder to Bend into shape so ally's are much harder
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How you do identify the structure of a substance by its properties
Look at physical properties of the substance e.g. The boiling point and melting point and see whether its a giant ionic, simple molecular, giant covalent or giant metallic
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?
Back
Proton 1 neutron 1 and electron is very small
Card 3
Front
How are compounds formed?
Back
Card 4
Front
Explain what is meant by the term isotopes
Back
Card 5
Front
What is ionic bonding?
Back
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