How do you calculate the rate of a reaction at a specific time?
Draw tangent, find gradient by change Y / change X
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What is the activation energy?
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to take place
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What are the 3 considerations when cpmparing reaction rates?
Speed, safety and cost
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How does temperature effect the rate of reaction?
Increased temperature increases the frequency of collisions, as particles gain energy in there kinetic energy stores
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How does an increased concentration effect rate of reaction?
More particles in a given area so collisions are more frequent
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How does an increase of pressure increase the rate of reaction?
Means there are more collisions as particles have kinetic energy
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How does breaking down bigger molecules into smaller molecules increase rate of reaction?
More surface area exposed, so there are more collisions
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What is a catalyst?
Substances that increase the rate of reaction without changing the reaction or being used up
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Give two properties of catalysts
Lowers the activation energy | Can be reused indefinitely
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What catalyst is used to make ammonia?
Iron
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Give two advantages of catalysts and one disadvantage
Cost effective + reduces burning of fossil fuels | Toxic~ gets into ecosystems
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What does collision theory say?
Particles must collide with enough energy for a reaction to take place
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If the forward reaction is exothermic what will the backwards reaction be?
Endothermic
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What is meant by conservation of energy?
The energy released/absorbed by the forward reaction will be equal to the energy absorbed/released by the backward reaction
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What is a closed system?
Where reactants and products can neither be added or removed
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What is a dynamic equilibrium?
The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backwards reaction | both reactions take place
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What is Le Chateliers Principle say?
If any of the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium are changed, the system will change to counter this change
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What happens to the equilibrium if the temperature is increased?
Position of equilibrium shifts in the endothermic direction | Increase in products in endothermic direction and decrease in the products of exothermic direction
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What happens to the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased?
Position of equilibrium shifts in exothermic direction | increase in products in exothermic direction and decrease of products in endothermic direction
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What happens to the equilibrium if the pressure is increased?
Equilibrium shifts to the reaction which produces fewest gas molecules
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What happens to the equilibrium if the pressure is decreased?
Equilibrium shifts to the reaction which produces the most gas molecules
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the activation energy?
Back
The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to take place
Card 3
Front
What are the 3 considerations when cpmparing reaction rates?
Back
Card 4
Front
How does temperature effect the rate of reaction?
Back
Card 5
Front
How does an increased concentration effect rate of reaction?
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