Chemistry Paper 2 focus also
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- Created by: annelister12
- Created on: 18-06-22 16:08
Describe the conditions needed for cracking(2)
Temperature above the molecule's boiling point
Catalyst
Catalyst
1 of 45
Explain why large HCs are cracked to make smaller HCs
More demand
Because more useful
Because more useful
2 of 45
How do you test for lithium ions?
Flame test positive = crimson
3 of 45
How do you test for carbonate?
Limewater positive = bubbles and cloudy
4 of 45
What name is given to mixtures like tablets?
Formulation
5 of 45
What 2 measuring apparatus should be used to find rate of gas production?
Gas syringe
Stopwatch
Stopwatch
6 of 45
How does adding magnesium to steel prevent the steel from rusting?(2)
Magnesium is more reactive
So acts as a sacrificial metal
So acts as a sacrificial metal
7 of 45
Give 2 reasons why wood is more sustainable than natural gas
Wood is renewable
Wood makes up for burned CO2 because trees
Wood makes up for burned CO2 because trees
8 of 45
Why does polyester melt when heated?(2)
Thermosoftening
No cross-links
No cross-links
9 of 45
How do you test for aluminium ions?(3)
Add sodium hydroxide
Positive = white precipitate
Soluble in NaOH
Positive = white precipitate
Soluble in NaOH
10 of 45
How do you test for sulfate ions?(2)
Add barium chloride and hydrochloric acid
Positive = white precipitate
Positive = white precipitate
11 of 45
Describe a test to show that an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon(2)
Add bromine water
Orange to colourless
Orange to colourless
12 of 45
How do you know a reaction is exothermic from a yield/temp graph?(1)
Higher temp = lower yield
13 of 45
Suggest why the demand for ammonia has increased(2)
World population increased
Fertilisers more needed
Fertilisers more needed
14 of 45
Describe and explain the process of fractional distillation(3)
1) Heated until all evaporate
2) Hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
3) As the vapours rise, each condenses when they reach their boiling point
2) Hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top
3) As the vapours rise, each condenses when they reach their boiling point
15 of 45
What is used in catalytic cracking?(2)
High temperature
Catalyst
Catalyst
16 of 45
What is used in steam cracking?(2)
High temperature
Steam
Steam
17 of 45
What does cracking do?
Breaks long chain hydrocarbons into more useful, more in-demand short chain hydrocarbons: alkenes
18 of 45
Why are alkenes useful?
Used to make polymers
Feedstock
Feedstock
19 of 45
How did we get from early atmosphere composition to today's?
When the water vapour condensed to form oceans, CO2 dissolved into it
In ocean algae produced, photosynthesis made oxygen, then plants
Some CO2 trapped in fossil fuels and shells
In ocean algae produced, photosynthesis made oxygen, then plants
Some CO2 trapped in fossil fuels and shells
20 of 45
How was earth's early atmosphere formed?
Volcanoes = water vapour(made seas)
Volcanoes = carbon dioxide
Volcanoes = carbon dioxide
21 of 45
Define dynamic equilibrium
In a system the forwards and backwards reaction occur simultaneously at the same rate
22 of 45
How to test for: lithium
Flame test positive = crimson
23 of 45
How to test for: sodium
Flame test positive = yellow
24 of 45
How to test for: potassium
Flame test positive = lilac
25 of 45
How to test for: calcium(flame)
Flame test positive = orange-red
26 of 45
How to test for: copper(flame)
Flame test positive = green
27 of 45
How to test for: aluminium
Add sodium hydroxide
Add excess and it will dissolve
Add excess and it will dissolve
28 of 45
How to test for: copper(NaOH)
Add sodium hydroxide
= blue precipitate
= blue precipitate
29 of 45
How to test for: iron(II)
Add sodium hydroxide
= green precipitate
= green precipitate
30 of 45
How to test for: iron(III)
Add sodium hydroxide
= brown precipitate
= brown precipitate
31 of 45
How to test for: carbonate
Add acid
Bubble the gas through limewater
Positive = cloudy
Bubble the gas through limewater
Positive = cloudy
32 of 45
How to test for: halide
Add nitric acid
Add silver nitrate
White = chloride
Cream = bromide
Yellow = iodide
Add silver nitrate
White = chloride
Cream = bromide
Yellow = iodide
33 of 45
How to test for: sulfate
Add barium chloride
Add hydrochloric acid
If positive, a white precipitate is produced
Add hydrochloric acid
If positive, a white precipitate is produced
34 of 45
Describe how ground and salt water are made potable
Ground = Flitered, sterilised
Salt = desalination - reverse osmosis/distillation
Salt = desalination - reverse osmosis/distillation
35 of 45
Describe how waste water is made potable(3)
Screening
Sedimentation
(Sludge is anaerobically digested)
Effluent is aerobically digested
Sedimentation
(Sludge is anaerobically digested)
Effluent is aerobically digested
36 of 45
Describe the process of phytomining(4)
Plants are grown on land containing the metal compound
Plants absorb this
Plants are then burned
Ash contains metals
Plants absorb this
Plants are then burned
Ash contains metals
37 of 45
Describe the process of bioleaching(3)
Bacteria are mixed with the low grade ore
Chemical reactions inside bacteria
Leachate produced containing metal compound
Chemical reactions inside bacteria
Leachate produced containing metal compound
38 of 45
What if a hotter/cooler temperature was used in the Haber process?
Hotter = less yield but fast
Cooler = More yield but slow
Cooler = More yield but slow
39 of 45
What if a higher/lower pressure was used in the Haber process?
Higher = More yield but dangerous
Lower = less yield but safe
Lower = less yield but safe
40 of 45
Describe NPK fertilisers
Formulations of different salts containing appropriate percentages of elements
41 of 45
What is each letter containing, compound-wise?
N= Ammonium nitrate(Haber)
P = phosphate rock(mined)
K = potassium sulfate/chloride(mined)
P = phosphate rock(mined)
K = potassium sulfate/chloride(mined)
42 of 45
Treating phosphate rock with: nitric acid?
Phosphoric acid + calcium nitrate
Neutralise it with ammonia
Neutralise it with ammonia
43 of 45
Treating phosphate rock with: sulfuric acid?
Calcium phosphate + calcium sulfate
(called single superphosphate)
(called single superphosphate)
44 of 45
Treating phosphate rock with: phosphoric acid?
Triple superphosphate
45 of 45
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Explain why large HCs are cracked to make smaller HCs
Back
More demand
Because more useful
Because more useful
Card 3
Front
How do you test for lithium ions?
Back
Card 4
Front
How do you test for carbonate?
Back
Card 5
Front
What name is given to mixtures like tablets?
Back
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