CHEMISTRY PAPER 1
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- Created by: kinmi.02
- Created on: 12-12-23 19:51
What is a base and an alkali
Bases are chemicals that can neutralise acids and produce a salt and water
alkalis are bases which are soluble in water
alkalis are bases which are soluble in water
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what does an acid and a metal carbonate make
A salt, water and carbon dioxide
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The charges and masses of a proton, neutron and electron
proton: +1, 1mass
neutron: 0, 1 mass
electron:-1, very small mass
neutron: 0, 1 mass
electron:-1, very small mass
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Equation for moles
(and rearrange the equation)
(and rearrange the equation)
moles=mass/Mr
Mass=Moles x Mr
Mr=Mass/Moles
Mass=Moles x Mr
Mr=Mass/Moles
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What are polymers and repeating units
polymers are large molecules joined by thousands of monomers.
polymers are drawn as repeating units which show the single carbon to carbon bonds.
the covalent bonds extend out of bracket to show molecules extending in both directions
little n tells us po
polymers are drawn as repeating units which show the single carbon to carbon bonds.
the covalent bonds extend out of bracket to show molecules extending in both directions
little n tells us po
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What does an acid and a metal make
salt and hydrogen
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What is an isotope
atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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Explain the boiling points of group 0
-have boiling points lower than room temp
-boiling points increase as you go down the group
because the number of electrons increase as you go down so there's stronger intermolecular forces between them to be overcome
-boiling points increase as you go down the group
because the number of electrons increase as you go down so there's stronger intermolecular forces between them to be overcome
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How are elements in the periodic table arranged
-in order of atomic number
-elements with similar properties are in the same group
-elements in same group have the same number of electrons in outer shell so have similar chemical properties
-elements with similar properties are in the same group
-elements in same group have the same number of electrons in outer shell so have similar chemical properties
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What is the conservation of mass?
No atoms are made or lost during a chemical reaction
the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants
the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants
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What does the concentration of an acid tell you?
The amount of given molecules in a given volume of solution
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What is the difference between a strong and weak acid
A strong acid fully dissociates in water/aqueous solutions to produce the maximum H+ ions(hydrogen)
A weak acid only partially dissociates in water/aqueous solutions leading to a lower concentration of hydrogen ions
A weak acid only partially dissociates in water/aqueous solutions leading to a lower concentration of hydrogen ions
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What is a limiting and excess reactant
The limiting reactant is the reactant which gets fully used up in a reaction
The excess reactant is the reactant that is not fully used up
The excess reactant is the reactant that is not fully used up
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OILRIG
oxidation is the loss of electrons
reduction is the gain of electrons
reduction is the gain of electrons
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What happens if we increase the mass of solute and keep the concentration the same
Concentration would increase
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What happens if we increase the volume of solution and keep the mass the same
concentration would decrease
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What were Dalton's, JJ Thomson's and Bohrs findings?
Dalton- atoms were tiny spheres that cant be divided
JJ Thomson- plum pudding model. The atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded throughout
Bohr- electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances
Chadwick- The nucleus contains n
JJ Thomson- plum pudding model. The atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded throughout
Bohr- electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances
Chadwick- The nucleus contains n
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What do metals and non-metals do when they react
Metals lose an electron to achieve a full outer energy level which gives them the same structure as a noble gas
Non-metals gain an electron to achieve a full outer shell and form a negative ion
Non-metals gain an electron to achieve a full outer shell and form a negative ion
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Modern Periodic table and differences with Mendeleev
The modern periodic table is arranged in order of atomic number but protons were not discovered in Mendeleev's time. This is a problem because elements can appear in the wrong order
The modern periodic table has group 0 which before were not fully disocv
The modern periodic table has group 0 which before were not fully disocv
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What is the atomic number
number of protons and electrons
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Explain the alpha scattering experiment
-Rutherford fired alpha particles(helium nucleus) at a gold foil
-Most passed through which suggests that the atom is mostly empty space
-Some deflected which shows that the atom must have a positive charge as alpha particles are positively charged.
-Some
-Most passed through which suggests that the atom is mostly empty space
-Some deflected which shows that the atom must have a positive charge as alpha particles are positively charged.
-Some
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What is the mass number
Sum of neutrons and protons
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What is the radius of an atom?
0.1nm
10 to the power of -10nm
10 to the power of -10nm
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Define atom, element and compound
atom- smallest part of an element that can exist
compound- two or more elements chemically joined in fixed proportions
Mixture- two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined
compound- two or more elements chemically joined in fixed proportions
Mixture- two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined
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Equation for energy changes
+
breaking and breaking bonds
+
breaking and breaking bonds
Reactants-products
- breaking bonds is endothermic and requires energy
-Making bonds is exothermic and releases energy
- breaking bonds is endothermic and requires energy
-Making bonds is exothermic and releases energy
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what does an acid and a metal carbonate make
Back
A salt, water and carbon dioxide
Card 3
Front
The charges and masses of a proton, neutron and electron
Back
Card 4
Front
Equation for moles
(and rearrange the equation)
(and rearrange the equation)
Back
Card 5
Front
What are polymers and repeating units
Back
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