Chemistry equations and keywords

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  • Created by: roshan231
  • Created on: 03-01-19 14:36
What is an inter molecular force?
Weak attractive forces between molecules. When a simple molecular substance melts or boils, it is the intermolecular forces that are broken
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covalent bond (simple molecular)
Two non-metal atoms share a <b>pair<b/> of electrons, in order to achieve a full outer shell
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double bond
A covalent bond resulting from the sharing of four electrons (two pairs) between two atoms.
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What is the formula for methane,water and hydrogen chloride?
CH4 , H20 , HCL
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What is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
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molecular
Refers to a substance made up of molecules, so it contains small groups of atoms, of a set size, held together by covalent bonds.
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What does the suffix ide and ate mean for the compound?
-ide is used when there are two elements in a compound. -ate is used when there are three, one being oxygen, (Ex;Oxide,Nitrate)
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Describe the Structure of an ionic compound
1. Lattice structure 2. Consists of a regular arrangements of ions 3.Held between strong ionic bonds (electrostatic forces ) by oppositely charged ions
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Typical size of atom
0.1 nm
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Giant covalent Structures
Giant covalent structures contain a lot of non-metal atoms, each joined to adjacent atoms by covalent bonds. The atoms are usually arranged into giant regular lattices - extremely strong structures because of the many bonds involved.
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Metallic bonding
Metallic bonding is the strong electrostatic force of attraction between the metal ions and the delocalised sea of electrons. Each metal atom gives up it's outer shell electrons to the sea of electrons this attraction is very strong
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When does an ionic compound conduct electricity?
Conductive when liquid - ions are charged particles, but ionic compounds can only conduct electricity if their ions are free to move
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Explain the properties of covalent bonds
low melting points and boiling points in term of intermolecular forces and poor conductor of electricity
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Examples of giant covalent structures
Diamond,graphite,graphene
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Why is graphite used as a lubricant?
The weak intermolecular forces inbetween layers makes it very slippery
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Recall how to do the empirical formula
Recall how to do the empirical formula
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Recall moleular calculations
Moles = mass/Ar
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Why do metals conduct electricity well?
The sea of electrons are free moving allowing metals to easily conduct electricity
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What is a pure compound?
Contains two or more types of atoms joined together in a fixed ratio
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What is a mixture?
Contains two or more different substances not joined together
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What is a difference between pure substances and mixtures in terms of melting point?
Pure substances have a sharp melting point while mixtures melt over a range of temperatures
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What is a solute?
A substance dissolved in another substance
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What process is used to filter the sand out of a solution?
Filtration
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What process is used to filter the salt out of a water solution?
Crystillisation, The solution is heated so that the solvent (water) evaporates leaving the solute in the form of crystills
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What process is used to filter the water out of a salt solution
Simple distillation. Again evaporate the solvent (water) using heat but then cool it using a condenser to then collect the product
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What is fractional distillation?
Separate liquids in a mixture by their different boiling points, the mixture is first distilled then boiled at there different temperatures and the evaporated complements are separately collected.
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What is chromatagraphy ?
separation of mixtures of soluble substances by running a solvent
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What is the mobile phase of chromatography?
The mixture on the paper
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What is the stationary phase of chromatography?
The paper itself
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What do the results indicate?
one spot = Pure substance ; Two or more = impure substance
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How do you calculate RF values?
Distance traveled by substance/Distance traveled by solvent
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what does insoluble mean?
This means There is a particle in the insulation that isn't dissolved into water
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Can-Sid-Feel-Cool , Stages of water potability
Coarse filter, Sedimentation tank , Fine filter, Chlorine
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If a substance has a PH of less than 7 it is a _____:Therefore if it has a PH of more than 7 it is a _____
Acid,alkali
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If the PH is 7 that means the solution is ____
Neutral
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What is the Test for hydrogen?
Hydrogen ignites a lit splint with a squeaky pop
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What is the test for Carbon dioxide?
Bubble the gas through lime water and it will turn milky white
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Acid + metal =
Salt + hydrogen
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Acid + metal oxide =
Salt + water
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acid + metal hydroxide =
Salt + water
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acid + carbonate =
salt + water + carbon dioxide
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In electrolysis what is formed at the cathode if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen?
Hydrogen
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What is produced at the anode if the atom is not a halide ion?
oxygen
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Concentration =
amount of solute in a mol/volume in dm^3
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

covalent bond (simple molecular)

Back

Two non-metal atoms share a <b>pair<b/> of electrons, in order to achieve a full outer shell

Card 3

Front

double bond

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the formula for methane,water and hydrogen chloride?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the formula for ammonia?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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