two or more atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge
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Avogadros constant
Number of atoms in 12.000g of Carbon-12 (6.02x10^23)
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Mole
The amount of substance which contains the Avogadros constant of atoms, molecules or groups of ions.
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Molar mass
The mass of a mole of one substance
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Anhydrous (salt)
A salt which contains no water of crystalisation
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Hydrated (salt)
Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure
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Atomic number
The number of protons within the nucleus of an atom
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Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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Relative atomic mass
The average (mean) mass of an element relative to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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Relative isotopic mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope of an element relative to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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Isotopes
Atoms which have the same atomic number but a different mass number (contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons)
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Relative formula mass
the average (mean) mass of a formula unit relative to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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Relative molecular mass
The average (mean) mass of a molecule relative to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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1st ionisation energy
The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous atoms into gaseous ions with a single positive charge
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2nd ionisation energy
The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge
into gaseous ions with a double charge
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3rd ionisation energy
The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge into gaseous ions with a triple positive charge
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Covalent bond
The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms
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Co-ordinate (dative) bond
A shared pair of electrons between two atoms. One atom provides both electrons
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orbital
Region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
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Octet rule
when reacting, an atom tends to gain, loose or share electrons to achieve eight in its outer shell
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Electronegativity
the extent to which an atom attracts the bonding electrons in a covalent bond
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Polar bond
A covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of the bonding electrons
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Delocalised electrons
Outer electrons do not have fixed positions but move freely
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Intermolecular forces
forces between neighbouring molecules
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Intramolecular forces
covalent bonds between atoms within molecules
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van der waals forces
the attraction between instantaneous and induced dipoles on neighbouring molecules
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permanent dipole-dipole attraction
Attraction between the positive end of the permanent dipole on a molecule with the negative end of the permanent dipole of a neighbouring molecule
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Hydrogen bond
Attraction between a lone pair of electrons on a very electronegative atom(N, O, F) in one molecule and a hydrogen atom in a neighbouring molecule, in which the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom (N,O,F)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Number of atoms in 12.000g of Carbon-12 (6.02x10^23)
Back
Avogadros constant
Card 3
Front
The amount of substance which contains the Avogadros constant of atoms, molecules or groups of ions.
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