Chemistry 9, Hydrocarbons

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What is the general formula of an alkane?
CnH2n+2
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What are the first four prefixes for naming hydrocarbons?
Meth=1 carbon Eth=2 Carbons Prop= 3 Carbons But=4 Carbons (Monkeys Eat Peeled Bananas)
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What are the characteristics of long chain alkanes?
-High boiling points -Low flammability -High viscosity (thick) -Low volatility (tendency to turn to a gas) -Darker colours -Solid at room temperature
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What are the characteristics of short chain alkanes?
-Low boiling points -High flammability -Low viscosity (runny) -High volatility -More useful as it requires a lower temperature to
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What is the word equation for incomplete combustion?
Hydrocarbon + (some) oxygen -> Carbon monoxide + water
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What are the characteristics of incomplete combustion?
-Shortage of oxygen (there is always some) -Significantly less energy produced -Produces carbon (soot) -Yellow flame
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What is the word equation for complete combustion?
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
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What are the characteristics of complete combustion?
-Blue flame -Plenty of oxygen is needed -Preferable as it produces more energy and safer products
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What is fractional distillation?
A process which is used to separate a mixture containing liquids with different boiling points
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How does fractional distillation work?
-Crude oil is vaporised in a furnace -The oil enters a column which is cooler at the top than bottom -The hot gases rise up the column and cool & condense when they reach their b.p -Smaller chain hydrocarbons will be at the top where it's coolest
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If a hydrocarbon has a low viscosity what is its consistency?
It would be thin and runny, like water
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What is cracking and what does it require?
-Cracking is used to break down long chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones -Produces alkanes and alkenes -Requires: ~A very high temperature, in excess of 500*c ~A catalyst -It is an example of thermal decomposition
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How can you test for an alkene?
-Add a few drop of iodine (purple) or bromine (orange) to the solution and shake. Alkenes will become colourless as the double bond is more reactive than a single bond so will break more easily. Alkanes will remain purple/orange, no reaction happens
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What are the differences between alkanes and alkenes?
-Alkenes have a double carbon bond; unsaturated, alkanes have single bonds; saturated -Alkanes are from crude oil, alkenes are formed by cracking -Alkanes are used for fuels, alkenes are used as plastics -Alkenes react with halogens, alkanes don't
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Card 2

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What are the first four prefixes for naming hydrocarbons?

Back

Meth=1 carbon Eth=2 Carbons Prop= 3 Carbons But=4 Carbons (Monkeys Eat Peeled Bananas)

Card 3

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What are the characteristics of long chain alkanes?

Back

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Card 4

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What are the characteristics of short chain alkanes?

Back

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Card 5

Front

What is the word equation for incomplete combustion?

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