describe 3 different ways of measuring the rate of a reaction
how quickly mass changes, how much gas is given off, how quickly a solid precipitate forms
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explain how a higher temperature increases rate of reaction
particles have more energy so they collide harder so more successful collisions. they also move faster so more frequent collisions
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explain how a higher concentration increases rate of reaction
higher concentration means more particles in a given volume. if there more particles then they are more likely to collide- so more frequent collisions
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explain how a bigger SA increases rate of reaction
reacting particles will have a greater area to work on as more particles are exposed- so more frequent collisions
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what is activation energy
the minimum amount of energy needed by the particles for the collisions to be successful
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what is the definition of a catalyst
a substance that speeds up a reaction without getting used up or changed in it
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discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using catalysts in industry
they save money as the reaction has to go on for less time so less energy is used. catalysts also work at lower temperatures so save money and energy. however they are expensive to buy and only catalyse a specific reaction. they can also be poisoned
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what is an exothermic reaction? give 3 examples
a reaction that transfers energy to the surroundings usually in the form of heat and can be shown by a rise in temperature. combustion, neutralisation and oxidation reactions are examples
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what does the PH scale show?
how acidic or alkaline a solution is
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what type of ions are always present in acids and alkalis
acids- H+ ions and alkalis- OH- ions
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what is neutralisation and what is the ionic equation
when an acid neutralises a base the products are neutral. H+ + OH- ---> H2O
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what is the general equation for reacting an acid with a metal
acid + metal = salt + hydrogen
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name a metal that doesn't react with all dilute acids
copper- because it is less reactive than hydrogen
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what type of reaction is between an acid and a metal oxide or hydroxide
neutralisation
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write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction between ammonia and nitric acid
NH3 + HNO3 ---> NH4NO3. it is used as fertiliser as has 2 sources of nitrogen
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iron chloride can be made by reacting iron hydroxide (an insoluble base) with HCL. describe the method used to create pure iron chloride
add the iron hydroxide to the hydrochloric acid and the solid will dissolve. when excess solid sinks to the bottom the reaction is over and you then filter out the solution. then evaporate some of the sol by heating and leave the rest to evaporate
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how can you tell when a neutralisation reaction is done if both solutions are alkali
add an indicator to the solution
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give practical uses of precipitation reactions
to remove poisonous ions from water or ions that make water hard. also to remove unwanted ions in sewage
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what is electrolysis and why can only liquids be electrolysed
it is the breaking down of a molten or dissolved ionic substance into the elements its made from by passing an electric current through it. it has to be liquid so the ions are free to move throughout and carry the charge
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give one industrial use of sodium hydroxide and 2 of chlorine
sodium hydroxide- soap. chlorine- used to make bleaches or plastic
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why is cryolite used during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide
because it brings the temperature down to 900 degrees so it is much cheaper than melting aluminium oxide
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give 2 different uses of electroplating
decoration- coat a cheap metal object in a more expensive and attractive metal. or conduction- coating an object in copper so it can conduct electricity
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
describe 3 different ways of measuring the rate of a reaction
Back
how quickly mass changes, how much gas is given off, how quickly a solid precipitate forms
Card 3
Front
explain how a higher temperature increases rate of reaction
Back
Card 4
Front
explain how a higher concentration increases rate of reaction
Back
Card 5
Front
explain how a bigger SA increases rate of reaction
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