chemistry 1A

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what is an element and how many elements are there?
a substance that is made from only one sort of atom and around 100
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what is the atomic number?(top number)
the number of protons only
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what is the atomic mass number? (bottom number)
the number of protons and neutrons
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what are the elements in group 0 called?
noble gases they are unreactive because their atoms have stable arrangements of electrons
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what is a non metal?
the gaining of electrons to form negative ions
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what is a metal?
the sharing of electrons to form positive ions
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what are the advantages of using concrete, limestone and cement as building materials?
long lasting, easy to shape
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what are the disadvantages of using concrete, limestone and cement as building materials?
concrete is seen as unattractive, acid rain
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what can calcium carbonate be decomposed by heat (thermal decomposition) to make?
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
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what does calcium oxide react with to produce calcium hydroxide?
water which is used to neutralise acids
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what is limewater used for?
to test for carbon dioxide
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what is limestone damaged by?
acid rain
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what is limestone heated with to make cement?
clay
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what do carbonates reacting with acid produce?
carbon dioxide, a salt and water
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how is mortar made?
sand and cement
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what is an ore?
naturally occurring rocks that provide economic starting point for the manufacture of metals
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name 1 social, economic and environmental impact of exploiting metal ores
spoil contains toxic substance
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what are the advantages of using metals as structural materials?
copper is good for wiring, lead is easily bent, steel is good of scaffolding
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what are the disadvantages of using metals as structural materials?
iron and steel can rust, metals are expensive
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which metals are found in the earth as metals?
unreactive metals such as gold
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which metals are extracted by electrolysis of molten compounds?
more reactive metals such as aluminium- extraction like this makes them expensive
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how can copper be extracted from copper rich ores?
by smelting
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how can copper be extracted?
by phytomining or bioleaching
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why should we recycle metals instead of extracting them?
expensive limited resources, many stages are required and large amounts of energy is needed
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what is an alloy?
two or more metallic elements combined
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why are metals like pure copper, gold, aluminium and iron too soft for many uses?
to make them harder for everyday use they are combined with small amounts of similar metals
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why are transition metals useful for materials?
they can be bent into shape, good conductors of heat, do not react with water
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what are the ads and disads of ethanol as a fuel?
ads-renewable resource and burns more cleanly disad- low heat of combustion in air
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why is hydrogen a good fuel?
ads-renewable resource, non toxic disads- expensive, low density and hard to store
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what is crude oil??
mixture of a very large number of compounds
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what is a mixture?
two or more elements NOT chemically combined together
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how do you separate substances in a mixture?
distillation
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what is fractional distillation?
separation of hydrocarbons by evaporating oil and allowing it to condense at different temperatures
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what causes acid rain?
sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen
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what causes global warming?
carbon dioxide
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is the atomic number?(top number)

Back

the number of protons only

Card 3

Front

what is the atomic mass number? (bottom number)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what are the elements in group 0 called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is a non metal?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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