Chemistry 1- Exam Questions

What is the electronic structure of sodium?

2,8,1

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How does the electronic structure of Chlorine differ to Sodium?

Sodium as 1 electron in its outer shell, Chlorine has 7

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Describe what happens in polymerisation reaction

Many monomers bond together

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Suggest why, in 1920, other scientists thought that Wegenerís hypothesis was wrong

other scientists thought that continents are fixed / cannot float or Wegener had no evidence to prove that continents can move

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Why is concrete stronger than mortar?

It contains aggregate

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The percentage of copper ore in the contaminated land is low.It would be too expensive to extract from this land by the traditional method.

because large amounts of energy would be needed to extract the copper

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Extracting copper from this land by the traditional method would have a major environmental impact. Give one reason why.

any one from: • produces large amounts of solid waste • atmospheric pollution from carbon dioxide / sulfur dioxide • more lorries / traffic

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It is economical to use scrap iron to get copper. Suggest why

Iron is cheap

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suggest one disadvantage of phytomining compared to the traditional method

not continuous as it takes a long time for plants to grow

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A mixture of the olive oil, water and egg yolk was shaken and left to stand. The olive oil and water do not separate. Explain how

molecules in egg yolk act as emulsifiers because molecules in egg yolk have a ëheadí which dissolves in / attracted to water because molecules in egg yolk have a ëtailí which dissolves in / attracted to oil.

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Name the two sub-atomic particles in the nucleus of an aluminium atom.

neutrons and protons

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Why is there no overall electrical charge on an aluminium atom?

number of protons is equal to number of electrons

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Why does aluminium react with iron oxide?

aluminium is more reactive (than iron)

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Copper is now extracted from ores containing a low percentage of copper compounds. Suggest two reasons why

copper / ores are running out / harder to find  there are no / very small amounts of high-grade copper ores left  copper metal is in demand  copper is expensive  now economical to extract copper from low-grade ores

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The extraction of pure copper is expensive. Give one reason why.

 large amounts of fuels / energy used (for the furnace and electrolysis)  (the extraction has) many steps / stages / processes  large amounts of ore / material have to be mined

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Pure copper is produced by electrolysis of copper sulfate solution. Which electrode do the copper ions move towards? Give a reason for your answer.

(copper ions move towards) the negative electrode / cathode because copper ions / Cu2+ are positively charged or are oppositely charged or copper ions need to gain electrons

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Name the type of reaction that releases energy from a fuel

exothermic

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Fuels react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. The reaction of a fuel with oxygen can produce a different oxide of carbon. Name this different oxide of carbon and explain why it is produced.

carbon monoxide / CO (is produced) because there is incomplete / partial combustion (of the fuel)

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Alloys are used to make the ballpoint pen. Give two reasons why alloys are used in the ballpoint pen

any one advantage from:  conserves resources (of crude oil / metal ores)  reduces use of landfill  less use of fuels/energy  less carbon dioxide produced any one disadvantage from:  made of different polymers / alloys / materials 

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Hydrocarbons and calcium carbonate contain locked up carbon dioxide. What is locked up carbon dioxide?

carbon dioxide from the air / (Earth’s early) atmosphere formed (sedimentary) rocks or fossil fuels

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Describe the layered structure of the Earth. You should indicate the relative sizes of the layers.

Earth consists of crust, mantle and core relative positions (of crust, mantle and core) correctly given crust is thinner than the mantle and core

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Describe Wegener’s idea of how Earth’s continents formed.

continents were joined together the continents then drifted apart or moved apart

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Ethanol is produced by fermentation of sugar cane. Rapeseed oil is produced by pressing rapeseeds. Waste plant material from both processes is used to feed animals. Describe how the process of fermentation is done.

sugar is mixed with / dissolved in water yeast (is added)

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Suggest why using a biofuel, such as ethanol or rapeseed oil, is thought to be carbon neutral.

(growing sugar cane / rapeseed) plants absorbs carbon dioxide which is released (when the biofuel burns)

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Chemistry 1- Exam Questions

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