Chemical Formulae and Equations definitions 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryChemical Formulae and Chemical EquationsASCCEA Created by: catherine312Created on: 28-04-22 11:46 Atom Tiny particles that all matter is made from 1 of 43 Element A substance that consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means 2 of 43 Compound A substance that consists of two or more different elements that are chemically combined 3 of 43 Molecule Two or more atoms covalently bonded together 4 of 43 Diatomic Two atoms covalently bonded in a molecule 5 of 43 Ion A charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons 6 of 43 Molecular Ion Two or more atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge 7 of 43 Molecular Formula A formula which shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule 8 of 43 Empirical Formula A formula which shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 9 of 43 Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) The average mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 10 of 43 Relative Formula Mass (RFM) The average mass of a formula unit relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 11 of 43 Relative Molecular Mass (RMM) The average mass of a molecule relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 12 of 43 Avogadro's Constant Number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12 13 of 43 Avogadro's Hypothesis Equal volumes of gases under the same condition of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules 14 of 43 Mole The amount of substance which contains the Avogadro's constant of atoms, molecules or groups of ions 15 of 43 Molar Mass The mass of one mole of a substance 16 of 43 Molar Gas Volume The volume of one gas under specified conditions of temperature and pressure (24dm3 at 20 Degrees Celsius (293K) and one atmospheric pressure) 17 of 43 Water of Crystallisation Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure 18 of 43 Degree of Hydration The number of moles of water bonded into the crystal structure of the salt 19 of 43 Hydrated Salt containing water of crystallisation 20 of 43 Anhydrous Salt that does not contain water of crystallisation 21 of 43 Limiting Reactant Reactant in a chemical reaction that limits the amount of product that can be formed 22 of 43 Excess Reactant Reactant in a chemical reaction that remain when a reaction has stopped because the limiting reactant has been used up 23 of 43 Theoretical Yield The maximum mass of product that could theoretically be obtained in a chemical reaction 24 of 43 Actual Yield The actual mass of the product obtained 25 of 43 Concentration The number of moles of mass present in a stated volume 26 of 43 Burette Piece of apparatus used in titrations which delivers known volumes of a liquid. It is a graduated glass tube with a tap at one end 27 of 43 Pipette Piece of apparatus used in titrations that transfers or measures out small quantities of liquid 28 of 43 Dilute Acids Acids containing a small number of hydrogen ions dissolved per unit volume 29 of 43 Concentrated Acids Acids containing a large number of hydrogen ions dissolved per unit volume 30 of 43 Base A metal oxide or metal hydroxide that neutralises an acid to produce a salt and water 31 of 43 Alkali A soluble base 32 of 43 Salt When some or all of the H+ ions are removed from an acid and replaced by metal ions or an ammonium ion 33 of 43 Dilute Alkalis These contain a small number of OH- ions dissolved per unit volume 34 of 43 Concentrated Alkalis These contain a large number of OH- ions dissolved per unit volume 35 of 43 Standard Solution Solution of known concentration. This solution is placed in the burette (unless the question states otherwise) 36 of 43 Aliquot Volume of liquid pipetted into the conical flask 37 of 43 Titre Volume of liquid delivered by the burette 38 of 43 End Point First permanent colour change 39 of 43 Meniscus Curved portion of the liquid 40 of 43 With Washings Washing all apparatus and transferring to the volumetric flas 41 of 43 Indicators Used in most titrations and show when the end point has been reached, they do this by changing colour in excess reagent 42 of 43 Spectator Ions Ions that do not take part in the reaction 43 of 43
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