Chemical Change (Science)

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  • Created by: Jamie0467
  • Created on: 24-05-22 15:52
What is a reactivity series
A List of elements ordered by their reactivity.
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How can metals be placed in order of their reactivity
Add the metal to water or acid and see which ones react the most vigorously
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What is the name for a reaction where oxygen is removed from a compound
Reduction
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What is the name for the reaction where oxygen is added from a compound
Oxidation
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What process is used to extract metals more reactive than carbon
Electrolysis
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What is an ore
A material containing enough metal in it to be economically worthwhile to extract the metal
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What is a displacement reaction
A reaction in which the more reactive element takes the place of the less reactive element in one of its compounds or in solution
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What process is used to extract metals less reactive than carbon
Reduction with carbon
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(HT only) Define oxidation in terms of loss and gain of electrons
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
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(HT only) Define reduction in terms of loss and gain of electrons
Reduction is the gain of electrons
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Define acids in the term of pH
A substance with a pH of less than 7
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Define acids in terms of ions
A substance which releases H+ ions in a solution
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Name three common acids and give their formulae
Hydrochloric acid (HCI), Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and Nitric acid (HNO3)
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What is neutral solution
A solution with a pH of 7, e.g Water
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How do you measure pH
With an indicator or a pH probe
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What is a base
A metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate that will react with an acid
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What is an alkali
A soluble base, e.g sodium hydroxide
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Which ions are always present in the solution of an alkali
OH-
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What is a salt
A compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen from an acid is replaced by a metal
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What types of salt are formed by the three main acids
Hydrochloric acid- forms chlorides
Sulphuric acid- forms sulphates
Nitric acid- forms nitrates
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What is a neutralisation reaction
A reaction involving an acid and a base or alkali resulting in neutral solution.
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Write the equation showing the reaction between H+ and OH- ions
H+ + OH- > H2O
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What is produced when a metal reacts with water
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
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What is produced when a metal and An acid reacts
Metal salt + hydrogen
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What is produced when a metal carbonate and an acid reacts
Metal salt + water + carbon dioxide
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How do you make a soluble salt from an acid
React the acid with a base e.g to make copper sulphate react copper oxide with sulphuric acid
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If a salt is in solution, how do you extract it as a solid
Allow the water to evaporate and it will leave the salt behind as a solid (crystallisation)
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(HT only) When is an acid a strong acid
When it’s completely ionised
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(HT only) When is an acid a weak acid
When it’s partially ionised
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What is electrolysis
Electrolysis means separation of a substance using an electric current
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What is an electrolyte
A liquid or aqueous ionic compound- they are able to conduct electricity
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What is a negative electrode called
Cathode
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What is a positive electrode called
Anode
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What are cations
Positively charged ions (metal ions) that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.
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What are anions
Negatively charged ions (non-metal ions) that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.
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What is the main disadvantage of using electrolysis to extract metals
Requires a large amount of energy to melt the compound, and to produce the required electricity
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What is aluminium oxide mixed with cryolite when extracting aluminium
To lower the melting point
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What happens to ions at the anode
At the anode, negative ions lose electrons (they are oxidised
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What is produced at the anode and cathode in the electrolysis of aluminium oxide
Aluminium at the cathode and oxygen at the anode
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Why does the anode need to be replaced in the electrolysis of aluminium oxide
The oxygen reacts with the carbon electrode to produce carbon dioxide
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The electrodes are inert. What does inert mean
Inert means unreactive
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In the electrolysis of an ionic solution, when will hydrogen be produced
If the metal ion is more reactive than hydrogen
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In the electrolysis of an ionic solution when will hydrogen be produced
If the metal ion is not a halogen
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(HT only) what happens to the ions at the cathode
At the cathode the positive ions gain electrons (reduction occurs)
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(HT only) what happens to the ions at the anode
At the anode the negative ions lose electrons (oxidation occurs)
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(HT only) what is an half equation
An equation shows electron transfer at one of the electrodes
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How can metals be placed in order of their reactivity

Back

Add the metal to water or acid and see which ones react the most vigorously

Card 3

Front

What is the name for a reaction where oxygen is removed from a compound

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the name for the reaction where oxygen is added from a compound

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What process is used to extract metals more reactive than carbon

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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