(Chapter 4) Animal Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems

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What is a cell? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.
Basic buliding blocks of living organisms. Root hair cell. Skin cell.
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What is a tissue? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.
Groups of cells with similar structures and functions. Xylem. Nervous tissue.
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What is a organ? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.
Groups of tissue that perform a specific function. Leaf. Heart.
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What is a organ system? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.
When organs are organised into systems. Photosynthetic system. Digestive system.
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What is a organism? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.
A group of different organ systems. Any plant. A human.
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What is an enzyme? A sphincter?
An enzyme is a biological molecule thast soeeds up a chemical reaction. A sphincter is a ring of muscle that can open/close a tube.
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What is the function of the salivary glands in the digestive system?
They are in the mouth and make salive which acts as a lubricant helping to swallow food. The saliva contains amylase which is a carbohydrase enzyme.
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What is the function of the oesophagus in the digestive system?
20cm long tube. Move food quickly and easily to stomach. Often referred to as the food tube or gullet.
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What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?
pH 2-3. Contains proteae. Reduces food to optimum level to be broken down by enzymes. Destroys pathogens.
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What is the function of the liver in the digestive system?
Produces bile which helps break down fats. Food does not pass through the liver.
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What is the function of the gall bladder in the digestive system?
It is a very small organ that stores bile.
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What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
Produces the three types of enzyme- carbohydrase, protease and lipase.
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What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?
7 metre long tube responsible for absorbing productrs of digestion.
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What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
The large intestine absorbs water and salts from all undigested food.
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What is the function of the anus in the digestive system?
Controls defecation.
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What are villi? What is peristalsis?
Villi are finger-like progections in the small intestine that increase the surface area of the small intestine. Peristalis is when the muscles along the digestive system contract pushing food along it.
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What is a substrate? Product?
The molecule on which an enzyme acts. The product is the substasnce produced by an enzyme reaction.
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What are the different enzymes in the digestive system?
Carboydrase- breaks downcarbohydrates into sugars. Protease- Breaks down proteins into amino acids. Lipase- Breaks down lipids into fatty acids (three molecules) and glycerol (one molecule).
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What is the lock and key hypothesis?
The hypothesis the enzymes are the specific to certain substrates, like a key is specific to a lock.
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What is denaturing of enzymes?
When too far away from their optimum conditions, enzymes can denature. This is a permanent change which stops it working.
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Why do the ventricles in the heart have thicker walls than the atria?
Because they need to pump more blood.
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What are the three types of blood vessel?
Artery- High pressure, take blood from hart. Veins- Take blood to heart at low pressure. Capillary-Takes blood through the body, thin so allow maximum oxygen diffusion.
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What is haemoglobin?
The protein in red blood cells that can temporarily bind with oxygen to carry it around your body.
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What is oxyaemoglobin?
The substance formed when haemoglobin in the red blood cells temporarily binds with oxygen.
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What are the two types of white blood cell?
Phagocyte- Engulfs pathogens. Lymphocytes- Produces antibodies that help clump pathogens together to make them easier to destroy.
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What is coronary heart disease? How can it be cured?
When the coronary arteries get blocked by fat so not as muhc nlood passes through. It can be treated using a stent, a metal device the widens the artery.
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What is a malignant tumour? Benign?
A cancerous tumour that can spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumour is non-cancerous and doesn't spread.
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What are the two most common methods of curing cancer?
Chemotherapy- Using very powerful drugs. Radiotherapy- Using X-rays.
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What are platelets?
Cell fragments in the blood that transform fibrinogen into fibrin. Form scabs in 3-5 minutes by releasing clotting features.
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What is plasma?
A straw coloured liquid which holds RBS, WBS and platelets. 92% water, makes up 45% of the blood, dissolves waste products.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a tissue? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.

Back

Groups of cells with similar structures and functions. Xylem. Nervous tissue.

Card 3

Front

What is a organ? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a organ system? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a organism? Give an example of it in a plant and an animal.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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