a signal (e.g. nutrient outside) causes disassembly of filaments and rapid diffusion of subunits. filaments are reassembled at the new site pushing membrane in a particular direction
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Types of actin filament
Stress fiber, cell cortex (gel-like network) & filopodium - (parallel bundle, reacts to pressure when cell starts moving in certain direction)
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Mechanoreceptor
A sense organ or cell that responds to mechanical stimuli such as touch or sound.
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How do mechanoreceptor channel proteins work?
when touch occurs the pressure change pulls open gates of ion channels. cations entering sensory dendrite create a receptor potential + if strong enough generate an action potential.
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Whats the mechanosensory neurone in mice?
MRGPRB4
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What are olfactory receptors responsible for?
The detection of odor molecules
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What does the vomeronasal organ do?
Detect pheremones
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What is the flehmen position?
Curled upper lip, partially blocking nostrilla. deep breathing carries urine to VNO to detect concentrations of pheromones
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How do G-protein coupled receptors work?
Through a second messenger system
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what is the local effect of temperature on blood vessels
are present in cells under normal conditions, but are expressed at high levels when exposed to a sudden temperature jump or other stress. Heat shock proteins stabilize proteins and are involved in the folding of denatured proteins
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when are heat shock proteins released?
During sudden temperature change +/-5C
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What are heat-shock proteins bound to when inactive?
Heat-shock factor 1
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What are heat-shock proteins bound to when inactive?
binds to two other heat shock factor 1s to form trimer
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Chemotaxis:
directed movement of a cell away from of towards a diffusible chemical
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Whats a physical stressor?
An external challenge to homeostasis
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whats a physiological/emotional stressor?
Anticipation that a challenge to homeostasis loms
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What are released in times of stress?
Glucocorticoids(steroid hormones) from adrenal gland
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What are glucocorticoids role?
Prepare body for strenuous physical activity in time of emergency
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name some glucocorticoids
Cortisol and Conticosterone
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Whats the HPA axis
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis - complete set of interactions betwem the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland
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