Controls which substances enter and leave the cell
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Function of cytoplasm
Where most of the chemical reactions in the cell take place
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Cellulose cell wall
Supports the cell
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Large central vacuole
Space filled with liquid sap which stores nutrients
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State the features of an animal cell
Nuclear, cytoplasm, cell membrane
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The enzyme catalase can only work on one substrate (hydrogen peroxide). Explain the reason for this.
Because a particular enzyme will only work on one chemical. The enzyme has to make contact with its substrate and attach to it. For that to happen, the enzyme and substrate shape has to match the shape of the active site.
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Explain why certain enzymes will not longer work if its boiled
Because each enzyme has an optimum temperature, after which it will not work
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An enzyme is described as a catalyst. What does this mean?
They speed up the rate of chemical reactions without taking part in the reaction
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Complete the passage: All enzymes belong to the same chemical group _________. They are made from a long chain of _________. This chain is folded in a particular way to give the enzyme a shape which allows it to fit together with its __________.
Protein, amino acids, substrate.
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What is broken down by amylase? Into what? Where in the DS?
Starch, into sugars. Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
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What is broken down by protease? Into what? Where in the DS?
Protein in amino acids. Stomach, pancreas, small intestine.
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What is broken down by lipase? Into what? Where in the DS?
Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. Pancreas, small intestine.
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Complete the passage: Enzymes are a type of _________. They _________ the rate of __________ reactions in living cells. Each works best at a particular _________ and pH value.
Protein, increase, chemical, temperature.
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What happens to enzymes at 100'C?
They reach their optimum temperature, and denature
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What shape is a DNA molecule?
Double helix
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Which two types of molecule are found in the strands?
Sugar, phosphate
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Which type of chemical holds the two chains together?
Bases- adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine
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DNA 'codes' for the formation of proteins. How does it do this?
Adenine A always joins in a pair to Thymine T, and Cytosine C always joins in a pair to Guanine G
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Which two scientists discovered the structure of the DNA molecule?
Francis Crick and James Watson (Watson and Crick)
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What is meiosis?
A special type of cell division that only happens when sex cells (gametes) are made. Four cells are formed, because meiosis is a double division, i.e. one division is immediately followed by a second one. Daughter cells have a half set of chromosomes
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What is mitosis?
The 'normal' type of cell division. This produces new cells for growth, for repair of tissues and to replace worn out cells. Mitosis takes place in all tissues in the plant and animal body, except gametes.
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What is a stem cell?
They are cells that can differentiate into diverse specialized cell types, and can self renew to produce more stem cells
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Which micro organism reproduces by dividing in two?
Back
Bacteria
Card 3
Front
Name the type of micro organism that has a protein shell and a small number of genes
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