Cells Biology Module 2 2.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyCell StructureASOCR Created by: Emilymitchell12Created on: 17-01-17 12:51 Plasma membrane Found on the surface of animal cells and inside the cell walls of plant cells and prokaryotic cells 1 of 36 Mainly made of lipids and proteins Regulates movement of substances in and out of cells 2 of 36 Has receptor molecules which allow it to respond to chemicals eg. hormones Cell wall 3 of 36 Rigid structure that surrounds plant cells Mainly made of cellulose 4 of 36 Supports plant cells Nucleus 5 of 36 Large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains many pores Contains chromatin (which is made of DNA and proteins) and a nucleolus 6 of 36 Controls the cell's activities (by controlling transcription) and contains DNA which codes for proteins Envelope has pores so substances (RNA) can move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm 7 of 36 Nucleolus Makes ribosomes 8 of 36 Lysosome Round organelle surrounded with a membrane with no clear internal structure 9 of 36 Contains digestive enzyme which are kept seperate by a membrane Their role is to digest invading cells or to break down worn cell components 10 of 36 Ribosome Very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to RER 11 of 36 Makes proteins Rough endoplasmic reticulum 12 of 36 A system of membrane enclosing a fluid-filled space The surface is covered in ribosomes 13 of 36 Folds and processes proteins Smoth endoplasmic reticulum 14 of 36 No ribosomes on the surface Synthesises and processes lipids 15 of 36 Vesicle Small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane 16 of 36 Transports substances in and out the cell Formed by the golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum or at the cell surface 17 of 36 Golgi apparatus Group of fluid-filled membrane bound, flattened sacs 18 of 36 Vesicles are often seen at the egdes of the sacks Processes and packages new lipids and proteins 19 of 36 Makes lysosomes Mitochondrion 20 of 36 Usually oval shaped Surrounded by a double membrane 21 of 36 Inner membrane folds to make the cristae. Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in repsiration 22 of 36 Site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced Chloroplast 23 of 36 Small, flattened structure found in plant cells Surrounded by a double membrane 24 of 36 Contains thylakoid membranes which are stacked up to form grana These are linked together by lamellae 25 of 36 These are thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane The site of photosynthesis 26 of 36 Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the and the Grana 27 of 36 Stoma This is a thick fluid found in chloroplasts 28 of 36 Centriole Small, hollow cylinders made of microtubules 29 of 36 This is found in animal cells but only some plant cells Involved in the seperation of chromosomes 30 of 36 Cillia Small, hair-like strctures found on the surface membrane of some animal cells 31 of 36 In cross-section, they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protien microtubules inside with two in the middle 9 + 2 formation 32 of 36 These allow cillia to move and move substances along the cell surface Flagellum 33 of 36 In eukaryotic cells and are longer than cillia They stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane 34 of 36 Two microtubules in the centre and nine round the outside 9 + 2 formation 35 of 36 Moved by microtubules contracting Used to prope cells forward like outboard motors 36 of 36
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